Gene Regulation

Cell Differentiation & Cell Specialization

*Some genes are:

1. expressed at all times

2. expressed in certain environmental conditions.

3. expressed at particular times.

4. expressed only in certain kinds of cells.

Gene Expression is a REGULATED process!

Multiple Choice

How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?

• The two different cells become mutated

• The proteins expressed in each cell are different

• They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.

• The genome of the different cells changes

Multiple Choice

The process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function.

• cell multiplication
• cell division
• mitosis
• cell differentiation

Multiple Choice

How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?

• The two different cells become mutated

• The proteins expressed in each cell are different

• They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.

• The genome of the different cells changes

Multiple Choice

Unspecialized cells that retain the ability to become a wide variety of specialized cells

• stem cell
• neuron
• brain cells
• dendrite

Multiple Choice

What causes cells in our bodies to do different things?

• DNA

• nucleus

• ribosomes

• plasma membrane

Multiple Choice

During the process of differentiation

• all sections of DNA are activated to determine the structure of a body cell

• ONLY ONE section of DNA are deactivated to determine the structure of a body cell

• only specific sections of DNA sequence are activated to determine the structure and functions of a body cell

​Environmentalfactors, in this case temperature, is turning "on" or "off" of certin genes that code for fur color.

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​Himalayan Rabbit

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following best explains why Rabbit A experiences a change in color?

• Pigments change color when the rabbit is shaved.

• DNA mutates when exposed to cold temperatures.

• Gene expression only occurs in cold temperatures

• Temperature can affect how genes are expressed.

Multiple Choice

Why does the fox change color at different times of year?

• The alleles for fur color change as the fox grows older.

• The color is affected by the latitude of the animal.

• The color of the foxes are determined at birth.

• The genes that determine color is affected by temperature.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes how genes can be regulated in the body?

• Genes are regulated through mutations that occur.

• External and Internal factors can affect which genes a cell expresses.

• Genes can only be regulated by changing the DNA sequence.

• None of these

Multiple Choice

Gene Expression is

• The mutation of DNA to create specialized cells

• The turning on and off of genes by environmental factors

• The transforming of stem cells into specialized cells

• All of these

Multiple Choice

Which are external factors that can regulate gene expression?

• Operons

• Homeobox Genes

• Transcription Factors

• Temperature

Multiple Choice

How can environmental factors affect gene expression?

• a) By modifying DNA sequences

• b) By altering how a gene is expressed.

• c) By directly changing gene function

• d) None of the above

Multiple Choice

What is CRISPR?

• a tool scientists can use to clone DNA and insert into other organisms

• a tool scientists can use to cut DNA and insert small pieces of other DNA