ISEO Review Session

ISEO Class 7 & 8 Review 2024 - First Session

• Review of the screening test

• Competition orientation

• Pre-test for the session

• Discussion 

• Post-test for the session

• Releasing of scores

• Checking of schedule for next session/s

Agenda (1st Session)

Competition Orientation

February 28, 2024

• Lunch time period / One excused class period

• Computer Laboratory

• 1 hour
  

Discussion Content

• Synonyms/Antonyms

• Word classes (types, usage)

• Word formation

Phrase classes

• Nouns

• Verbs

• Adjectives

• Adverbs

• Prepositions

• Conjunctions

Word classes

Parts of Speech

• Noun phrase

• Verb phrase

• Adjective phrases

• Adverb phrases

• Prepositional phrases

​the categorization of words based on their grammatical function and usage in a sentence

• music

• we

• a dog

• the old man

• that table in the corner

• a nice day at the beach

• the sofa we bought in the sale

Nouns Phrases

• consist minimally of a noun or pronoun

• the head may be accompanied by dependent elements before or after it

Multiple Choice

Which of the following uses "run" as a NOUN (word)?

• • He likes to run every day.

• • She is in a run-down neighborhood.

• I went for a run this morning.

• • The company experienced a run on their products.

• blackboard (compounding)

• brunch, chillax, spork (blending, portmanteau)

• Google (conversion)

• taco (borrowing)

• lab (clipping)

• televise (back-formation)

• NASA (acronym)

Word Formation

• refers to the general process of creating new words in a language

• encompasses various methods

word derivation = specific type of word formation that involves the addition of affixes to an existing word to create a new word

• unhappy (prefix/prefixation)

• happiness (suffix/suffixation)

Multiple Choice

What kind of word formation is present in the sentence:

"We saw a smog so we thought there will be a cancellation of classes."

• • compounding

• • clipping

• blending

• • acronym

• Personal pronouns

• Possessive pronouns

• Reflexive pronouns

• Reciprocal pronouns

• Relative pronouns

Pronouns

• Interrogative pronouns

• Demonstrative pronouns

• Indefinite pronouns

• closed class of words

• may substitute for or stand for the references to entities which full noun phrases make

Multiple Choice

Which of the following uses "run" as a NOUN (word)?

• • He likes to run every day.

  
  

• • She is in a run-down neighborhood.

• • I went for a run this morning.

• • The company experienced a run on their products.

The subject forms of personal pronouns most typically act as the subject of a clause:

• I = me

• you (singular/plural) = you

• he, she, it, one = him, her, it, one

• we = us

• they = them

Personal Pronouns have
SUBJECT & OBJECT FORMS

A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate and can function as a sentence or as part of a sentence. It typically expresses a complete thought.

e.g.

We did not immediately respond to the call.
(independent clause)
When we finish our work
(dependent clause)

Multiple Choice

What is the type of clause which cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and relies on an another clause to have a complete thought?

• anticipatory

• copula

• dependent

• independent

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an independent clause?

• Although it was raining.

• Running late.

• Because I studied hard.

• Run.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a dependent clause?

• We had time to spare.

• Even though she was tired.

• Maybe.

• In the middle of the chaos.

The object forms of personal pronouns most typically act as the object (direct and indirect) or complement in a clause or as the complement of a preposition:

• I invited them. (direct object)

• Give him the map. (indirect object)

• That’s her. She’s wearing the black beret. (complement in a clause)

• I left it to them. (complement of a preposition)

Personal Pronouns have
SUBJECT & OBJECT FORMS

DIRECT OBJECT:
Verb + what or whom?

INDIRECT OBJECT:
Verb + to or for whom?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following object pronouns is a direct object?

• She was given a requirement to read a book. She enjoyed it.

• Everyone was confused who got the text. They sent him a message.

• She does not have anything to wear to the prom. We bought her a new dress.

• I am not bringing my pencil case. Can you lend your pen?

ISEO Class 7 & 8 Review 2024 - Second Session

Discussion Content

• Post-test last session

• Prepositions vs. Infinitives

• Full Infinitives vs. Bare Infinitives

If a preposition is followed by a verb, the verb ends in -ing.

• Are you interested in working for us?

• I'm not very good at (learn) languages.

• She must be fed up with (study).

• What are the advantages of (have) a car?

• This knife is only for (verb) bread.

• Carol went to work in spite of (verb) ill.

Prepositions
(in/for/about, etc.) + -ing

Pattern:
(preposition) + (verb) -ing

You can also say, "interested in somebody (do)ing...", "fed up with you (do)ing...etc."
I'm fed up with you telling me what to do.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the preposition?

"I bought a new bicycle instead of going away on a holiday."

• a

• of

• instead of

• away

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is incorrect?

• It's nice to go on a holiday without having to worry about money.

• They need to work without people disturbing them.

• He made himself ill by not eating properly.

• Before to go out, I called my classmate.

Infinitives are a special form of verbs that can be used as a noun, adjective, or adverb.

• I need to win.

• Today, we win.

Two kinds:
1. full infinitives
2. bare infinitives

to (as preposition) vs.
to (as infinitive)

Pattern:
to + (verb)

The purpose of infinitives is to discuss an action in general instead of a specific instance of the action being done
E.g.,
to agree, to decide, to undertake, etc.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is uses "to" as a preposition?

• 1. We drove to the beach, enjoying the view of the sunset.

• We plan to have a picnic in the park if the weather is nice.

• He hopes to become a successful entrepreneur one day.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is uses "to" as an infinitive (phrase)?

• 1. She went to the store when she knew we didn't have hygience products.

• I need to finish my homework before I can go out with friends.

• They went to the concert and saw their favorite band perform.

You can create a full infinitive by taking the base form of a verb and adding to in front of it.

Examples:
to choose, to plan, to stop, to refuse, to be or not to be, etc.

Full Infinitives or "to-infinitives"

Used in the following situations:

• To show purpose or intention

  Mom left to buy milk. (Why did mom leave?)

  I’m writing this email to tell you something important.

  Did you come to college to study or to party?

You can create a full infinitive by taking the base form of a verb and adding to in front of it.

Examples:
to choose, to plan, to stop, to refuse, to be or not to be, etc.

Full Infinitives or "to-infinitives"

Used in the following situations:

• To modify nouns

  We need a hero to save us.

  Would you like something to drink?

  It was a dumb thing to say, and I regret it.

You can create a full infinitive by taking the base form of a verb and adding to in front of it.

Examples:
to choose, to plan, to stop, to refuse, to be or not to be, etc.

Full Infinitives or "to-infinitives"

Used in the following situations:

• As the subject of a sentence

  To love someone requires patience and understanding.

  To go this late seems pointless.

  To unlearn is the highest form of learning.

You can create a full infinitive by taking the base form of a verb and adding to in front of it.

Examples:
to choose, to plan, to stop, to refuse, to be or not to be, etc.

Full Infinitives or "to-infinitives"

Used in the following situations:

• After adjectives

  I’m happy to be here.

  Isn’t it nice to leave the city?

  Computers are easy to use with practice.

You can create a full infinitive by taking the base form of a verb and adding to in front of it.

Examples:
to choose, to plan, to stop, to refuse, to be or not to be, etc.

Full Infinitives or "to-infinitives"

Used in the following situations:

• With the words too or enough

  I have too many books to fit in my backpack.

  We collected enough firewood to last the winter.

  They were old enough to vote but not to drink.

Full Infinitives or "to-infinitives"

Used in the following situations:

• Phrases with most relative pronouns

  I don’t understand how to beat the Level 5 boss.

  Playing cards is about knowing when to hold them and when to fold them.

  Here’s a list of whom to call in an emergency.

  I don't know what to do. (INCORRECT: What to do?)

​Use the full infinitive in phrases that start with one of the relative pronouns who, whom, what, where, when, and how—but NOTwhy.

Keep in mind that you only use full infinitives when relative pronouns are used as phrases, but not typically when used for questions.

When using an infinitive after modal verbs, you don’t need to include to.

Common modal verbs include can, may, might, could, should, would, will, and must.

Bare Infinitives or Zero Infinitives

Used in the following situations:

• After modal verbs

  Shane can do this all day.

  We might be late tonight.

  You must not mention politics when talking to my father.

Perception verbs (see, hear, taste, feel, etc.) use bare infinitives when their object takes an action.

In this case, the order is main verb → object → bare infinitive.

Bare Infinitives or Zero Infinitives

Used in the following situations:

• After perception verbs

  I heard the car arrive before I saw it.

  They felt the ants crawl on their arm.

  She watched the woman in the red dress walk across the dance floor.

Just like certain verbs always use the full infinitive, a few verbs always use the bare infinitive.

These include the common verbs let, make, and do.

Keep in mind the verbs let and make often use a direct object, which comes between them and the bare infinitive.

Bare Infinitives or Zero Infinitives

Used in the following situations:

• With the verbs let, make, and do

  Let me work in peace!

  He made him promise to behave.

  I don’t drink coffee in the evening.

While the other relative pronouns use the full infinitive form, the word why uses the bare infinitive, especially when used to make suggestions in the form of a question.

Bare Infinitives or Zero Infinitives

Used in the following situations:

• With the relative pronoun why

  Why wear a raincoat when it’s sunny outside?

  Why not ask for directions?

  Why bother?