American Imperialism

Expansionism and

Imperialism

Ideas of Expanding

Imperialism: The
policy (plan) of
gaining authority
(power) over other
nations or of
acquiring colonies

Social Darwinism was a
major factor in
imperialism. It was a
popular idea that
technologically advanced
societies should rule over
and control less advanced
societies.

Open Ended

In your own words, how would you define imperialism?

United States Expansion

During the Westward Expansion with ideas like Manifest
Destiny, the United States expanded to cover a big portion of
the North American Continent.

Looking at examples from Europe that was taking over nations
in Asia and Africa; America started to believe that they could
expand to different places overseas as well.

Multiple Choice

What best describes Manifest Destiny?

• The belief in gaining as much businesses as possible

• The belief in expanding to as much land as possible

• The belief in spreading a religion on many gods

• The belief in creating as many opportunities for your citizens

United States Expansion

Reasons: Belief that it will
bring wealth and prestige
(status/reputation) to the
United States. They could
also spread their ideals to the
new places.

Case Study: Alaska

1884, the U.S officially took over or annexed Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million
dollars.

This took place after the Civil war and many people thought it was a foolish
purchase as it is cold in Alaska.

It was later known that Alaska was rich with natural resources, like oil.

Many places the United States annex would be used for their natural resources.

Multiple Choice

True or False: People believed that purchasing Alaska was a good idea

• True

• False

The U.S in the Pacific

The U.S. also started to look into the Pacific Ocean to
open foreign markets for trade and businesses.

1867: The U.S annexed the Midway Islands (a series of
islands that are between America and Asia). Most of the
Midway Islands were used as ports for American ships
that were en route to Asia.

Hawaii

Beginning 19th Century: the Hawaiian
Islands had sugar fields that imported
to the United States.

Many of the sugar planters were
American and moved to the islands.
They force the king of Hawaii to give
them political power.

Hawaii

1891, Queen Liliuokalani came to
power and tried to limit the
powers of the American sugar
planters. Congress also placed
tariffs (taxes) on imports of
Hawaiian sugar. This angered the
planters as well.

Open Ended

What do you think is a reason that Americans wanted to take control of Hawaii?

Annexation of Hawaii

1893: The American planters, the U.S Marines, and the U.S. Ambassador to
Hawaii staged a revolt and formed their own government.

They asked to be able to takeover Hawaii with President Benjamin
Harrison, but he did not ratified the treaty before leaving office. The Next
president Cleveland, opposed annexation without the support of the
Hawaiian people.

In 1900, The next president after, McKinley, made Hawaii a part of the
territory of the United States.

Besides Hawaii, the Somaon islands were also annex in 1899.

American Imperialism (1)

Hawaii, Cuba, the Philippines, and Latin America

Open Ended

What do you already know about Imperialism?

Major Presidents During Imperialism

William McKinley 1897-1901

Major Presidents During Imperialism

Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909

Major Presidents During Imperialism

William H. Taft 1909-1913

Anti-Imperial Sentiment

From the Civil War until the 1890s, most Americans had little interest in territorial expansion:

Imperial rule seemed inconsistent with America's republican principles.

The US did not welcome people with different cultures, languages, and religions.

Acquisition of Alaska

An exception to the rule was Alaska. In 1867, Sec. of State William Seward arranged to buy Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million. Rich

European Imperialism

By the mid-1890s, a shift had taken place in American attitudes toward expansion. Why? Between 1870 and 1900, the European powers seized 10 million square miles of territory in Africa and Asia. About 150 million people were subjected to colonial rule.

Fear of Competition

In the United States, a growing number of policy makers, bankers, manufacturers, and trade unions grew fearful that the country might be closed out in the struggle for global markets and raw materials.

Belief in Darwinian Struggle

A belief that the world's nations were engaged in a Darwinian struggle for survival, and that countries that failed to compete were doomed to decline, also contributed to a new assertiveness on the part of the Untied States.

The White Man's Burden

During the late 19th century, the idea that the United States had a special mission to uplift "backward" people around the world also commanded growing support.

Dependency on Foreign Trade

By the late 19th century, the American economy was increasingly dependent on foreign trade. A quarter of the nation's farm products and half its petroleum were sold overseas.

A New Assertiveness

During the late 1880s, American foreign policy makers began to display more assertiveness on the world stage.

A Desire for Sea Power

Alfred Thayer Mahan, a naval strategist and the author of The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, argued that national prosperity and power depended on control of the world's sea-lanes. "Whoever rules the waves rules the world," Mahan wrote.

Commodore Perry and the Opening of Japan

• To facilitate trade with Asia, four black ships commanded by Commodore Matthew Perry anchored at Edo (Tokyo) Bay in 1853. Never before had the Japanese seen ships steaming with smoke and so heavily armed.

• The Japanese government, in no position to defend itself against a foreign power, signed a trade treaty with the US that opened up two ports to American vessels, and allowed American ships to buy coal and other necessary supplies in Japanese ports.

• No longer allowed to be isolationist, Japan began to "westernize". By 1890s Japan had built a powerful navy and set out to build their own empire in the East.

Annexation of Hawaii

In 1893, a small group of sugar and pineapple-growing businessmen, backed by the US military, deposed Hawaii's queen, seized 1.75 million acres of land, and conspired for US annexation of the islands (achieved in 1898). Hawaii became a state in 1959.

American Imperialism

SS.912.A.4.1 Analyze the major factors that drove United States imperialism

SS.912.A.4.2 Explain the motives of the United States’ acquisition of the territories

Multiple Choice

True or False: The United States Government used aggressive tactics and policies to achieve Manifest Destiny

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

True or False: During the Gilded Age the Untied States started to show an interest in gaining additional territory in other parts of the world

• True

• False

Multiple Select

Check all that accurately describe reasons for American Imperialism

• closing of the western frontier

• competition with Europe

• building a strong Naval network

• ending European imperialism

• belief in racial superiority

Multiple Choice

What was is the Open Door Policy?

• Document stating America's control over China.

• Principles stating that all countries have equal access to trade in China

• Document explaining the intense competion between world powers.

• Document explain the "spheres of influence."

Multiple Choice

What was the cause of the conflict between Cuba and Spain?

• Cuba wanted to enslave Spain
• Spain wanted to convert the Cuban government to communism
• Spain wanted to turn Cuba into a sugar can colony
• Cuba wanted independence from Spain 

Multiple Choice

Incident that started the Spanish American war

• The Maine blew up

• The Lusitania blew up

Multiple Choice

Yellow Journalism is....

• Reports that exposed problems in society

• Exaggerated News Reports

• Yellow Paper Reports

• Nonfiction News Reports

Multiple Choice

At the end of the Spanish American War, the United States gained which 3 territories? 

• Puerto Rico, Cuba, Spain
• Spain, Cuba, Guam
• Marianas Islands, Philippines, Russia
• Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico

Multiple Choice

The Panama Canal was built because:

• Ships needed a quicker route from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans
• The Colombian government was trying to make money
• Panamanian people needed the jobs that building the canal would provide
• none of these are true

Multiple Choice

TR's addition to the Monroe Doctrine that allowed US intervention was called the

• Gentleman's Agreement

• Treaty of Porstmouth

• Roosevelt Corollary

• Great White Fleet

Multiple Choice

The name often given to Teddy Roosevelt's foreign policy is

• Roosevelt Corollary
• Big Stick Policy
• Gentleman's Agreement
• Rough Rider

Exit Ticket

Complete the short quiz

Multiple Choice

Imperialism is __________.

• when a powerful nation uses its resources to help a weaker nation
• when a weaker nation invites a powerful nation to help it industrialize
• when a powerful nation takes control of the economy and government of a weaker nation
• when weak nations join together to fight a strong nation

Multiple Choice

Cornerstone of American foreign policy that told European powers to stay out of the affairs of the Western Hemisphere. 

• Roosevelt Corollary
• Adams Doctrine
• Truman Doctrine
• Monroe Doctrine 

Multiple Choice

What was the purpose of the Open Door Policy in China?

• End the Boxer Rebellion
• Ensure trading rights with China
• Win leaseholds in China
• Establish a sphere of influence

Multiple Choice

Why did Americans in Hawaii want to be annexed by the United States?  

• Queen Liluokalani was persecuting American sugar growers. 
• Annexation had trade advantages for the American sugar growers in Hawaii. 
• Laws forced Americans to return land to the Hawaiian government. 
•  All are true.

Multiple Choice

Economic and military competition from ______ helped convince many Americans that the U.S. should become a world power

• Canada
• Europe
• Latin America
• China

Multiple Choice

Wrote the book The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, argued that a nation needed a large navy to protect trade ships & defend the right to trade. 

• Alfred T. Mahan
• John Fiske
• Charles Darwin
• Marco Polo

Multiple Choice

Reporters who published sensationalized stories about Spanish atrocities were called 

• Muckrakers
• Mugwumps
• Yellow Journalists
• Conquistadors

U.S. Imperialism

By NATHAN CUSHENBERY-ANDREWS

U.S. Imperialism 1898-1914

Big Idea

Late 19th and early 20th century in which the U.S. becomes a world military power and acquires new territory​

Imperialism​ Defined

​The political, military & economic domination of strong nations over weaker territories.

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Multiple Choice

What is the term for the political, military & economic domination of strong nations over weaker territories?

• Humanitarianism

• Social Darwinism

• Imperialism

• Capitalism

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Causes of Imperialism​

​

​Economics: Industrial nations needed raw materials & markets for their goods. Militarism-allowed nations to protect their trade interests against other Imperial nations & native forces Nationalism -allowed for the spread of Imperial nations ideals & control of other nations.

Multiple Select

What were the three causes of imperialism?

• Nationalism

• Militarism

• Humanitarianism

• Economics

Arguments Supporting Imperialism​

​Social Darwinism is the belief in:

• Racial

• National

• Class

• Cultural superiority of one group over another.

• Social Darwinists believed they were superior and had a duty to rule over inferior peoples and cultures.

• Spreading Civilization-many argued that the United states should “civilize” & educate “inferior” groups.

• Spreading Christianity- Many saw imperialism as a way to “Christianize” the world.

All of these arguments assumed that one group of people was better than another group.

Open Ended

What are your thoughts on the ideas of social darwinism, and spreading civilization and Christianity? Were these justifiable reasons to take over other people's territories?

The U.S. began expanding in the early 1800s.

​Manifest Destiny- Belief that the United States should extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean

• 1803- Louisiana Purchase

• 1845- Texas Annexation

• 1846- Oregon Territory

• 1848- Mexican American War

• 1867- Purchase of Alaska

​

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​Westward Expansion

​

• The Hawaiian Islands provided a refueling point for U.S. ships traveling to Asia.

• 1800s- Americans bought land in Hawaii and established large plantations.  

• 1887- the American plantation owners convinced Hawaiian King Kalakaua to modify their national constitution to allow only land-owning residents the right to vote.  

• 1891- King Kalakaua died and his sister Liliuokalani became queen.​

​

​King Kalakaua

​Hawaii

Multiple Choice

What military and economic advantage did the Hawaiian islands provide for the U.S.?

• Sailors loved pineapples.

• The Hawaiians wanted the U.S. military to conquer them.

• The Hawaiians loved American goods.

• Hawaii provided a refueling point for ships going to asia.

• Queen Liliuokalani was a Hawaiian nationalist who was angered by the U.S.’ growing control over the islands’ economics and politics.  

• She abolished the previous constitution that provided white planters special rights​

​

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Multiple Choice

Who was the queen of Hawaii who abolished (got rid off) the constitution that favored landowners?

• King Kalakaua

• Queen Nefertiti

• Queen Liliuokalani

• Queen Elizabeth

• The white plantation owners organized a rebellion & overthrew the queen.  

• The planters sent a request to the U.S. calling for marines to help “keep” peace.

• The new Hawaiian government was led by a white planter, Sanford B. Dole.​

​

Sanford B. Dole​

​U.S. Takes Over Hawaii

​

Multiple Choice

What group led the rebellion against Queen Liliuokalani?

• King Kalakaua

• Native Hawaiians

• White plantation owners

• William McKinley

​

​Sanford B. Dole asked then President Harrison to annex, (to take full control of), the Hawaiian Islands. 

• Many Americans desired the U.S. to control the islands to spread Christianity, secure naval bases & business interest

• Many saw this as an illegal, hypocritical action where the U.S. demanded democracy for itself, but took it from other nations 

• It took over five years for Congress to approve annexation.  

• In 1898, President William McKinley and Congress approved annexation of Hawaii.  

• The Hawaiian Islands became a territory of the U.S. 

• 1954-statehood

​Hawaii Annexed​ by the U.S.

​

Multiple Choice

Who was the president who annexed Hawaii and made it a territory of the United States?

• Abraham Lincoln

• William McKinley

• George Washington

• Benjamin Harrison

Open Ended

In 2-3 sentences, describe your thoughts about the annexation of Hawaii after watching the video.

​The U.S. began taking over territories beyond North America with Hawaii, but within the same year, 1898, took over the Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico and held strong control over Cuba after a brief war with Spain known as the Spanish American War.​

Character Uncle Sam who represents the United States from birth to imperial power.

​Only the Beginning...

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Multiple Select

What 3 territories did the United States take over after Hawaii in 1898?

• The Philippines

• Chile

• Guam

• Puerto Rico