VAUS 4: The American Revolution SOL Prep

VAUS 4: THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

VUS 4A: The student will apply social science skills to understand the issues and events leading to and during the Revolutionary Period by describing the results of the French and Indian War.

Essential Understanding:

The French and Indian War was a component of a wider struggle between European powers. It resulted in British dominance of North America and increased tensions between Britain and its North American colonies.

The French and Indian War:

• Caused by conflict between Britain and France over territory and resources.

• Was the first step on the road to the American Revolution.

• Colonials, including military leader George Washington, participated in the British war effort.

Results of the French and Indian War:

• Terms of the Treaty of Paris, 1763

• British War Debt

• Increased tension between Britain and its colonies resulted as British shifted from its policy of salutary neglect to a more active role in colonial affairs beginning with the Proclamation of 1763.

Multiple Choice

The rivalry in North America between England and France led to the French and Indian War, in which the French were driven out of Canada and their territories west of the Appalachian Mountains.

• Boston Massacre

• France

• Patriots

• Lexington and Concord

Multiple Choice

As a result of the French and Indian War, England took several actions that angered the American colonists and led to the:

• American Revolution

• Treaty of Alliance

• Yorktown

• Neutrals

Multiple Choice

The actions that England took included the __ which prohibited settlement of the colonists west of the Appalachian Mountains, a region that was costly for the British to protect.

• Proclamation of 1763

• First Continental Congress

• New Taxes

• Loyalists

Multiple Choice

Another action that England took was to place __ on legal documents (the "Stamp Act"), tea and sugar, to pay costs incurred during the French and Indian War and for British troops to protect the colonists.

• Proclamation of 1763

• First Continental Congress

• New Taxes

• Loyalists

VUS 4B: The student will apply social science skills to understand the issues and events leading to and during the Revolutionary Period by evalutating how political ideas of the Enlightenment helped shape American politics.

Essential Understanding:

The foundations of American government lie in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century English Common Law, the parliamentary systems, and the European Enlightenment movement.

The Founding Fathers blended the colonial governmental system with Enlightenment political philosophies to shape the new nation.

Key Political Ideas of the Enlightenment:

• Natural Rights

• Consent of the Governed

• Social Contract

• Ordered Liberty

• Separation of Church and State

• Separation of Powers

Key Political Ideas of the Enlightenment:

Ideas of John Locke:

The period known as the "Enlightenment" in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries saw the development of new ideas about the rights of people and their relationships to their rulers. John Locke was an Enlightenment philosopher whose ideas, more than any other's influenced the American belief in self-government. Locke wrote that:

• All people are free, equal, and have "natural rights" of life, liberty, and property that rulers cannot take away.

• All original power resides in the people, and they consent to enter into a "social contract" among themselves to form a government to protect their rights. In return, the people promise to obey the laws and rules established by their government, establishing a system of "ordered liberty."

• Government's

Key Political Ideas of the Enlightenment:

Locke Wrote That:

• All people are free, equal, and have "natural rights" of life, liberty, and property that rulers cannot take away.

• All original power resides in the people, and they consent to enter into a "social contract" among themselves to form a government to protect their rights. In return, the people promise to obey the laws and rules established by their government, establishing a system of "ordered liberty."

• Government's powers are limited to those the people have consented to give to it. Whenever government becomes a threat to the people's natural rights, it breaks the social contract and the people have the right to alter or overthow it.

• Locke's ideas about the sovereignty and rights of the people were radical and challenged the centuries-old practice throughout the world of dictatorial rule by kings, emperors, and tribal chieftans.

Key Political Ideas of the Enlightenment:

Thomas Paine and Common Sense:

• Thomas Paine was an English immigrant who produced a produced a pamphlet known as Common Sense that challenged the rule of the American colonies by the King of England. Common Sense was read and acclaimed by many American colonists during the mid-1700s and contributed to a growing sentiment for independence from England.

Multiple Choice

John Locke was an Enlightenment philospher whose ideas, more than others, influenced the American belief in:

• Pursuit of Happiness

• Self-Government

• Enlightenment

• Limited

Multiple Choice

The period known as __ in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries saw the development of new ideas about the rights of people and their relationship to their rulers.

• Self-Government

• "Enlightenment"

• Limited

• "Social Contract"

Multiple Choice

Locke wrote that: All people are free, equal and have __ of life, liberty, and property that rulers cannot take away.

• "Natural Rights"

• Overthrow

• Independence

• Destructive

Multiple Choice

Further according to Locke, in return, the people promise to __ the laws and rules established by their government, establishing a system of ordered liberty.

• Obey

• "Natural Rights"

• Overthrow

• Independence

Multiple Choice

According to Locke, all original power resides in the people, and they consent to enter into a __ among themselves to form a government to protect their rights.

• "Enlightenment"

• Limited

• "Social Contract"

• Dictatorial

Multiple Choice

Locke also said that government's powers are __ to those that the people have consented to give it to.

• "Enlightenment"

• Limited

• "Social Contract"

• Dictatorial

Multiple Choice

Locke also said that whenever government becomes a threat to the people's natural rights, it breaks the social contract and the people have the right to alter or __ it.

• Obey

• "Natural Rights"

• Overthrow

• Independence

Multiple Choice

Locke's ideas about the sovereignty and rights of the people were radical and challenged the centuries-old practice throughout the world of __ rule by kings, emperors, and tribal chieftains.

• "Enlightenment"

• Limited

• "Social Contract"

• Dictatorial

Multiple Choice

Thomas Paine was an English immigrant to America who produced a pamphlet known as __ that challenged the rule of the American colonies by the King of England.

• Thomas Jefferson

• Common Sense

• Pursuit of Happiness

• Self-Government

Multiple Choice

Common Sense was read and acclaimed by many American colonists during the mid-1700s and contributed to a growing sentiment for __ from England.

• Independence

• Destructive

• Grievances

• Consent

VUS 4C: The student will apply social science skills to understand the issues and events leading to and during the Revolutionary Period by explaining how conflicting loyalties created political differences among the colonists conerning separation from Great Britain.

Essential Understanding:

The ides of the Enlightenment and the perceived unfairness of British policies by some Americans provoked debate and resistance by the American colonists.

The Road to Revolution: Changes in British Policy led to the American Revolution.

• Taxation Policy: Parliament enacted several revenue-raising taxes to pay for the costs incurred from the French and Indian War and for British troops to protect the colonists throughout the 1760s and 1770s, including the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and the Townshend Acts. These acts were protested by some colonists through boycotts, intimidation, and violence.

• Civil Liberties: Some American colonists believed their civil liberties as Englishmen were violated by the British government through it use of Writs of Assistance and the Quartering Act.

• Military Maneuvers: Some American colonists believed the employment of the Quartering Act, martial law, and the closing of Boston Harbor were clear violations of their rights.

The Beginning of the American Revolution:

Resistance to British rule in the colonies mounted, leading to war.

• The Boston Massacre took place when British troops fired on anti-British demonstrators.

• The Boston Tea Party: led by the Sons of Liberty, occurred.

• The First Continental Congress was called, to which all of the colonies except Georgia sent representatives - the first time most of the colonies had acted together.

• War began when the Minutemen in Massachusetts fought a brief skirmish with British troops at Lexington and Concord, MA.

• The Second Continental Congress was called, to which all colonies eventually sent representatives.

• Members of the Continental Congress selected George Washington as commander in chief of the Continental Army and debated the issue of independence.

The Beginning of the American Revolution:

Differences among the Colonists:

• Patriots:

  • Believed in complete independence from Britain.

  • Inspired by the ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine and the words of Virginian Patrick Henry ("Give me liberty, or give me death!")

  • Provided the troops for the America Army, led by Virginian George Washington.

• Loyalists:

  • Remained loyal to Britain because of cultural and economic ties.

  • Beleived that taxation of the colonies was justified to pay for British troops to protect European settlers from American Indian attacks.

The Beginning of the American Revolution:

Differences among the Colonists:

• Neutrals:

  • The many colonists who tried to stay as uninvolved in the war as possible.

• Enslaved People:

  • many of the people held n slavery sought to use the war to pursue their own freedom.

  • Ten thousand African Americans fought with the British against the white colonists who held them in slavery.

Multiple Choice

Resistance to British Rule in the colonies mounted, leading to war. the Boston Tea Party was staged in 1773, in response to the Tea Act. Parliament responded with the Intolerable Acts of 1774, to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party. The colonists responded to that by convening the __ which all the colonies except Georgia sent representatives - this was the first time that of the colonies had acted together.

• Proclamation of 1763

• First Continental Congress

• New Taxes

• Loyalists (Tories)

Multiple Choice

The __took place in 1770, when British troops fired on anti-British demonstrators.

• Boston Massacre
• France

• Patriots

• Lexington and Concord

Multiple Choice

The American Revolutionary War began when the "Minutemen" in Massachusetts fought a brief skirmish with troops at:

• Boston Massacre

• France

• Patriots

• Lexington and Concord

Multiple Choice

The colonists were divided into threee main groups during the American Revolution: __ believed in complete independence from England. They were inspired by the ideas of Locke and Paine and the words of Virginian Patrick Henry ("Give me Liberty, or give me death!"). They provided the troops for the American Army, led by George Washington of Virginia.

• Boston Massacre

• France

• Patriots

• Lexington and Concord

Multiple Choice

__ were another group, and they remained loyal to Britain, based on cultural and economic ties. Loyalists believed that taxation of the colonies was justified to pay for British troops to protect American settlers from Indian attacks.

• Proclamation of 1763

• First Continental Congress

• New Taxes

• Loyalists (Tories)

Multiple Choice

__ were a third group, and they were colonists who tried to stay as uninvolved in the war as possible.

• American Revolution

• Treaty of Alliance

• Yorktown

• Neutrals

VUS 4D: The student will apply social science skills to understand the issues and events leading to and during the Revolutionary Period by anaylzing the competing factors that led to colonial victory in the Revolutionary War.

Essential Understanding:

Competing factors in Europe led to the American victory over the British.

Despite Britain's military superiority, the colonists achieved victory in the American Revolution through the efforts of colonial military and political leaders.

Competing Advantages of the Opposing Forces:

• Britain had a more powerful military, as its army was well-trained and well equipped, along with a superior navy; however, the war continued to lose popular support in Britain.

• American colonists had the advantage of fighting a defensive war and having a committed political leadership.

Developments leading to Colonial victory in the Revolutionary War:

• American victory at the Battle of Saratoga led to the Treaty of Alliance negotiated by Ben Franklin with France.

• American victory at the Battle of Yorktown under the command of George Washington with the assistance of the French Army and Navy.

Multiple Choice

The American Rebels won their __ because the British government grew tied of fighting soon after the French agreed to help the Americas.

• Independence

• George Washington

• Proclamation of 1763

• First Continental Congress

Multiple Choice

Diplomatic factors leading to colonial victory involved Benjamin Franklin negotiating a __ with France, after the turning point of the war - the Battle of Saratoga.

• American Revolution

• Treaty of Alliance

• Yorktown

• Neutrals

Multiple Choice

Military factors leading to colonial victory included __ general of the American Army, who avoided any situation that threatened the destruction of his Army. HIs leadership kept the army together when defeat seemed inevitable.

• George Washington

• Patriots

• Loyalists (Tories)

• First Continental Congress

Multiple Choice

Americans benefited from the presence of the French army and navy at the Battle of __, which ended the war with an American Victory.

• France

• Lexington and Concord

• Yorktown

• Ridgeway

VUS 4E: The student will apply social science skills to understand the issues and events leading to and during the Revolutionary Period by evaluating how key principles in the Declaration of Independence grew in importace to become unifying ideas of American political philosophy.

Essential Understanding:

• The American Revolution was inspired by ideas concerning natural rights and political authority, and its successful completion affected people and governments throughout the world for many generations.

• The Revolutionary generation formulated the political philosophy and laid the instiutional foundations for the system of government under which Ameriacans live.

• New political ideas about the relationship between people and their government helped to justify the Declaration of Independence.

The Declaration of Independence:

• The Declaration of Independence was inspired by ideas concerning Natural Rights and political authority that laid the institutional foundations for the system of government that ultimately unified the American people.

• The eventual draft of the Declaration of Independence, authored by Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, reflected the ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine.

The Declaration of Independence:

• Locke's wrtings on "natural rights," "social contract," "ordered liberty," and "consent of the governed" were incorporated when Jefferson wrote:

  • "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness."

  • "that to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed."

  • "That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it, and to institute new Government...."

The Declaration of Independence:

• Paine's Common Sense challenged the rule of the American colonies by the King of England. It was read by many American colonists and contributed to the growing sentiment for independence from Great Britain. Jefferson incorporated into the Declaration of Independence many of the grievances against the King of England that Paine had outlined in Common Sense.

• The Declaration of Independence blamed the English for the growing system of African slavery that dominated the economies of the Southern colonies.

Multiple Choice

The Declaration of Independence states "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the:

• Thomas Jefferson

• Common Sense

• Pursuit of Happiness

• Self-Government

Multiple Choice

The eventual draft of the Declaration of Independence, authored by __ of Virginia, reflected the ideas of Locke and Paine.

• Thomas Jefferson

• Common Sense

• Pursuit of Happiness

• Self-Government

Multiple Choice

It also states, "That to secure these rights, goverments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the __ of the governed..."

• Independence

• Destructive

• Grievances

• Consent

Multiple Choice

It goes on to say, "That whenever any form of government becomes __ of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute a new goverment..."

• Independence

• Destructive

• Grievances

• Consent

Multiple Choice

Jefferson then went on in the Declaration to detail many of the __ against the King that Paine had earlier described in Common Sense.

• Independence

• Destructive

• Grievances

• Consent

Multiple Choice

The ideals expressed in the Declaration of independence contradicted the realities of slavery and the __ nature of political participation in the early decades of the new republic.

• Undemocratic

• Free Enterprise

• Social

• Slavery

Multiple Choice

The key principles of the Declaration of Independence increased political, __, and economic participation in the American experience over time.

• Undemocratic

• Free Enterprise

• Social

• Slavery

Multiple Choice

Economic participation (pursuit of happiness) involved regulating the __ system, promoting economic opportunity, and protecting property rights.

• Undemocratic

• Free Enterprise

• Social

• Slavery