Genes, DNA & Reproduction

Traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes in DNA.

DNA is a type of molecule that carries the inherited information passed from parents to offspring.

A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a product, usually a protein.

Multiple Choice

Traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes in ______

• RNA

• DNA

• SNA

• VNA

Multiple Choice

DNA carries ______________ from parents to offspring.

• Inherited Information

• Random Information

• Selected Information

• Weird Information

Multiple Choice

A _______________ is a segment of DNA that contains information for the building of a product.

• Cancer

• Mutation

• Gene

• Product

Remember that cells are the basic unit of life, and all organisms are made up of cells.

Inside a cell, there is an enclosed structure called the nucleus. The nucleus contains the cell’s chromosomes.

A chromosome is a cell structure that contains an organism’s DNA. Each chromosome is made up of one long molecule of DNA that includes many genes along its length.

Multiple Choice

_________ are the basic units of life.

• RNA

• Cells

• DNA

• Chromosomes

Multiple Choice

Inside a cell's nucleus, you will find the cell's ________________ (Choose the best answer)

• RNA

• Cells

• DNA

• Chromosomes

Multiple Choice

A chromosome contains an organism's ______________

• RNA

• Cells

• DNA

• Organelles

Asexual reproduction

• Only involves ONE parent

• Offspring are clones (dentical) to the parent

• The offspring has the same DNA as the parent

Asexual reproduction

• Type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism or one parent

• Produced via mitosis

• Offspring inherit genes/DNA from only 1 parent

• The offspring are genetically identical (clones) to the parent

Multiple Choice

True or False: Asexual reproduction involves only 1 organism

• True

• False

Dropdown

Offspring from asexual reproduction are ​

Select answer

from the parents

Multiple Choice

Asexual reproduction- especially in bacteria is similar to which type of cell division

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

Binary Fission

Binary Fission- is when 1 bacteria or simple organism splits into 2.

A fully grown parent cell splits into to halves, produced 2 identical cells

Only occurs in single celled organisms

Budding

• Offspring grows out of the body of a parent

• Offspring still identical to the parent

• Example is showing the budding of a hydra

Fragmentation

• Body of the parent breaks off

• Each piece can grow into a new FULL organism

• Tissue regrows due to regeneration

  • Regeneration is when a piece of a damaged organism can regrow

• Examples are Sea stars (starfish)

Match

Match the following type of ASEXUAL reproduction to the organism

• Sea Stars

• Bacteria

• Hydra

Fragmentation

Binary Fission

Budding

• Fragmentation

• Binary Fission

• Budding

Multiple Choice

Budding, Binary Fission and Fragmentation are all examples of

• Sexual Reproduction

• Asexual Reproduction

Sexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction involves offspring created from TWO parents

One parent produces male gametes and one parent produces female gametes

Gametes are produced during meiosis

Pollination

Pollination is a form of sexual reproduction found in flowering plants.

Pollen (sperm cells ) will fertilized the ovary (egg cells) of flowers to produce new plants

Dropdown

During sexual reproduction: Offspring are created from ​

Select answer

​ parents/individuals

Multiple Choice

The process used to create sperm and egg cells (can be in plants or animals)

• meiosis

• mitosis

Multiple Choice

Egg and Sperm cells are also known as

• genetically diverse

• clones

• gametes

Dropdown

Organisms produced via sexual reproduction are ​

Select answer

than the original parents

Multiple Choice

Sexual reproduction requires two

• gametes

• blastocysts

• embryos

Multiple Choice

Processes that happen during meiosis to increase genetic diversity include

• nondisjunction

• crossing over

• fertilization

Advantages of Asexual Reproduction

Rapid population increase

Only 1 parent- does not need to find a mate

Fast and Energy Efficient

Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction

NO genetic diversity

Species may only be able to live in 1 habitat

Species MAY be more vulnerable to diseases and environmental changes

Multiple Choice

Which is an Advantage of asexual reproduction

• Fast and energy efficient

• Need to find a mate

• May be vulnerable to diseases

• No genetic diversity

Multiple Choice

What is a disadvantage to asexual reproduction

• No genetic diverstiy

• Fast and energy efficient

• Only needs 1 organism

• Can grow population rapidly

Advantages of Sexual Reproduction

Creates genetic diversity

Species MAY be more resistant to environmental changes

Species MAY be more resistant to new diseases

Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction

Takes more time and energy to find a mate

Takes energy to make sex cells

Individuals who cannot find a mate end up NOT reproducing

Multiple Choice

A disadvantage of sexual reproduction is that it is

• more time consuming than asexual reproduction

• creates less diversity than asexual reproduction

• uses less energy than asexual reproduction

Multiple Choice

An Advantage of sexual reproduction is

• less energy is used

• greater genetic diversity in the species

• it is more efficient than asexual reproduction

Multiple Choice

Where do we normally find DNA within a cell?

• In the cytoplasm

• In the nucleus

• In the vacuole

• In the smooth ER

Multiple Choice

How many cells are created after the process of Mitosis?

• 1 identical cell

• 2 different cells

• 4 identical cells

• 2 identical cells

Multiple Choice

A cell containing 40 chromosomes at the beginning of mitosis would, at its completion, produce cells containing how many chromosomes?

• 10

• 20

• 40

• 80

Open Ended

Meiosis happens in what kind of cells?

Multiple Choice

When does the independent assortment of chromosomes occur?

• Telophase II

• Metaphase I

• Metaphase II

• Prophase I

Multiple Choice

At the end of meiosis, how many daughter cells are produced?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

A cell containing 40 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis would, at its completion, produce cells containing how many chromosomes?

• 10

• 20

• 40

• 80

Multiple Choice

A cell containing 20 chromosomes (diploid) at the beginning of meiosis would, at its completion, produce cells containing how many chromosomes?

• 10

• 5

• 40

• 20