AS Psych Core Study holzel et al Bio Approach

Multiple Choice

What is mindfulness?

• Living in the now, practicing kindness without judgement, meditating, and learning how your brain works.

• Thinking of negative memories, worries, thoughts. Also, only being kind to people that are respectful of you. Last, meditation.

• Being fun, making fun of people, meditating, not really caring about the environment or other people.

• Living in the now, focusing on negative thoughts and bad memories, and meditating.

Multiple Choice

This part of your brain deals with memory...

• Prefrontal cortex

• Amygdala

• Hippocampus

• Fight or flight

Multiple Choice

This part of your brain makes most of the decisions when it is not angry, scared, anxious, or worried.

• Pre-frontal Cortex

• Amygdala

• Hippocampus

• Memory

Multiple Choice

What was an aim of this study?

• To measure changes in brain structure related to mindful practice

• To measure stress relief in Participants

• To measure changes in the Participants grades as a result of mindful practice

• To measure the time spent in practice to compare brain scans

Multiple Choice

How long was the study?

• 8 days

• Two days

• Two years

• 8 weeks

Multiple Select

Which of the following apply to the sample used in this study? (multiple)

• Students under age 18

• opportunity sample

• 33 adults

• All Participants were right handed

• The mean age was 55

Multiple Choice

What was a conclusion made from this study?

• There was no changes in the brain that resulted from mindfulness practice

• The Limbic system of the brain was altered by mindfulness practice

• The grey matter of the brain increased by the mindfulness practice group

• Mindfulness practice does not reduce stress

Multiple Select

What kinds of data was collected in this study?

• Participant questionaires before and after the study

• Exercise logs kept by the Participants

• Brain scans before and after the study

• quantitative data

Multiple Choice

What type(s) of questions were used for the questionnarie?

• Closed questions using a scale

• open-ended questions

• both qualitative and quantitative types

• Only brain scans were used

Multiple Choice

Which of the following was an independent variable of the study?

• The five facets of mindfulness questionnaire

• If participants received the MBSR or not

• grey matter concentration

Multiple Choice

What type of design was this study?

• Independent design

  Longitudinal study

• Repeated measures design with questionaires

• Pilot study before the large scale study was conducted

• Experimental design with two groups

Multiple Choice

What was a weakness of this study?

• Conclusions could not be applied to Elderly people or children

• there were ethical issues about medical records

• They did not use the scientific method

• The researcher was a yoga teacher

Multiple Choice

What is one application of this study?

• Brain matter can be changed

• study suggested mindfulness leads to physical changes in well being

• Yoga is good for college students

• Children shouldn't practice mindfulness

Multiple Choice

In Holzel et al., what is the psychology being investigated?

• Mindfulness: awareness of who we are, where we are, and what we are doing; not becoming overwhelmed

• Mindfulness: "the development of awareness of present-moment experience with a compassionate, non-judgemental stance."

• Localisation of function: how different parts of the brain perform specific functions (here, changing brain density or volume, which is linked to increased performance abilities)

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

What is the aim of the study in Holzel et al.?

• to investigate the potential short-term effect of mindfulness programs (MBSR, etc.) on mood enhancement

• to test whether or not mindfulness training can increase performance on timed writing tests

• to investigate the potential long-term effect of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program on brain grey matter density

• all of the above

Multiple Choice

Which of the following criteria had to be met by participants in Hozel et al.?

• be right-handed

• have an IQ of 100 or above

• be between 18 and 34 years old

• none of the above

Multiple Choice

Which of the following criteria had to be met by participants in Hozel et al.?

• be psychologically and physically healthy

• be in a leadership role in their career

• be good at puzzles

• none of the above

Multiple Choice

Which of the following criteria had to be met by participants in Hozel et al.?

• not be taking any prescribed medication

• commitment to attend all eight MBSR lessons and do the daily homework

• have had no more than four meditation classes in the last five years and no meditation classes in the last six months

• all of the above

Multiple Choice

Which of the following criteria had to be met by participants in Hozel et al.?

• ability to participate in an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) brain scan (so, no metal implants, claustrophobia, etc.)

• willingness to be interviewed multiple times per day for a series of several weeks

• ability to demonstrate mindfulness techniques upon demand (to show efficacy of training)

• all of the above

Multiple Choice

True or false? Participants in Hozel et al. gave informed consent.

• True. All participants gave written consent, and the study was ethically approved by the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Massachusetts Medical School.

• False; deception was necessary in this study, so some participants were not informed of the potentially harmful elements (but were debriefed at the end).

Multiple Choice

What was the total number of participants in the Hozel et al. study?

• 13,674 people participated in an online meditation class, but only 16 voluntarily participated in the MRI scans for the study; of these, only 5 completed the follow-up interviews, so the total is 5

• 13,674 participants volunteered to be MRI scanned for the study; 74 withdrew due to schedule constraints preventing involvement in the MBSR class

• Originally, 18 participants were part of the experimental group, but two withdrew due to MRI scan discomfort, leaving 16.

  There were 17 participants in the control group for a total of 33 (35 originally).

• none of the above

Multiple Select

What was involved in the MBSR program in Hozel et al.?

• eight weekly group meetings for 2.5 hours each

• in the sixth week, participants attended a full-day (6.5 hours) session

• body scan (feeling the body as a complete whole; noting awareness of sensations)

• mindful yoga (gentle stretching, slow movement, coordinated with breathing patterns; appreciating the limits of one's body)

Multiple Select

Which of the following applies to the Hozel et al. study?

• Sitting meditation was included. This included awareness of the sensation of breathing before moving on to other senses (e.g., taste and sound).

• Later in the MBSR course, the emphasis switched to awareness meditation (based on anything that comes into one's consciousness).

• Participants chose their own meditation exercises, selecting from among exercises including "Leaves in a Stream,"

• All of the above

Multiple Select

Followed ethical code because

• S's were given accommodated therapy after

• control group was given MBSR after study was complete

• S's were payed finical compensation

• S's had right to withdrawal at any time

Multiple Choice

This was a __________.

• lab experiement

• natural expeirment

• field and lab experiment

• natural and field experiment

Multiple Choice

control group got scanned with MRI ______ times

• 1

• 4

• 2

• 3