TCAP REVIEW-Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Plate Tectonics

Plate Tectonics Test Review

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Multiple Choice

Where do most earthquakes and volcanoes take place?

• in the oceans

• at plate boundaries

• on land only

Multiple Choice

Which statement best explains plate tectonics

• The movement of crustal plates over the mantle prevents continental drift

• Crustal plates move away from each other at tectonic boundaries

• The movement of crustal plates over the mantle often results in earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

Multiple Choice

The Hawaiian Islands are in the middle of a large plate with many volcanoes. The volcanoes are a direct result of the tectonic plate...

• being forced under another tectonic plate at a subduction zone

• colliding with another tectonic plate and being forced up

• moving over a hot spot where magma breaks through the crust

Multiple Choice

Which event below involves constructive force?

• earthquake

• volcanic eruption

• flood

• wind storm

Multiple Choice

Which geological event will most likely result when two continental plates collide?

• volcano eruption

• a rift valley

• formation of a mountain range

Multiple Choice

Where does the energy from an earthquake originate?

• from rocks under stress shifting deep below Earth's surface

• weight from rocks pushing down on bedrock

• from convection currents

Multiple Choice

Which earthquake waves cause the most damage on Earth?

• secondary waves

• surface waves

• transverse waves

Why Earthquakes Occur

Engage and Explore - Day 1

What do you think about when you see this picture?

Objectives

At the end of the topic you should be able to...

• describe how crustal deformation by plate tectonics causes earthquakes

• model the crustal deformation of Earth that causes earthquakes

• explain the tools scientists use to study earthquakes

• describe the relevance of studying earthquakes

What would you do if you were in an earthquake?


Have you ever been in an earthquake before?

​

​What would you do?

Draw

Below is a picture of all the big Earthquakes from 1900 - 2017 based on the Richter scale of 6.0 and above. Circle the areas where the majority of earthquakes have occurred. Look at the legends to see the different magnitudes.

Open Ended

Look at the image.

What do you notice about the relationship between the earthquake's epicenters (where the earthquakes occur) and the location of the major plate boundaries?

Where do earthquakes occur?

Based on the image, you can see that the majority of earthquakes occur on the major plate boundaries. There are also many, smaller plate boundaries where the other earthquakes occur. 

​List and Map of Quakes

​https://earthquake.alaska.edu/earthquakes/recent_list

Labelling

Label the names of the 3 tectonic plate boundaries where earthquakes can occur. 

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Slip

Divergent

Subduction

Split

Convergent

Slide

Transform

Match

Match the following. Once you match, chat me which plate boundary ONLY has earthquake occur and nothing else.

Convergent Plate Boundary

Divergent Plate Boundary

Transform Plate Boundary

• Convergent Plate Boundary

• Divergent Plate Boundary

• Transform Plate Boundary

The majority of earthquakes occur when the tectonic plate's boundaries move quickly against each other (slide past, pull apart or come together).

 

The star is where the earthquake started (called focus), the circle are the seismic waves that are released. 

​

HOW? Do earthquakes occur?

An earthquake begins at the focus where the ground ruptures.

The focus is located on the pre-existing fault

Focus

​The seismic waves travel outward in ALL directions from the focus

Waves

The point ON Earth's surface directly above the focus is the epicenter of the earthquake.

Epicenter

​Where do the waves originate?

If you know where it is go and find your slinky from your science kit.

 

Think about this: 

 

Slinkies can help us learn about earthquakes!

​

Slinky!

P-waves for short

Compressional

Move in a left to right motion

FIRST wave to occur after an earthquake

Primary Waves

​S-waves for short

SECOND fastest waves

Occur farther away from the fault

Move in an up and down motion

​​Secondary Waves

​Seismic Waves

Click on the link and then click on the earth to view the 2004 Sumatra Quake and Tsunami. 

 

Look at the different seismic waves that travel through the earth (P waves and S waves).

Which waves travel through the Mantle, Outer and Inner Core? Which waves only travel through the mantle? 

 

​

Seimic Waves Activity

​https://ds.iris.edu/seismon/swaves/index.php

Labelling

Label each type of wave with where they travel inside the earth when an earthquake occurs.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Only travel through the mantle.

Travel through the mantle, outer & inner

here

Click on the link to start the BrainPop game to learn more about the 2 different seismic waves.  

Multiple Choice

The epicenter of the earthquake is below the focus.

• True
• Sometimes
• Only with a convergent movement
• False the epicenter is above the focus.

Multiple Choice

This earthquake is......?

• Convergent
• Transform
• Divergent
• Rift Zone

Multiple Choice

This earthquake is......?

• Convergent
• Transform
• Divergent
• Rift Zone

Multiple Choice

This earthquake is......?

• Convergent
• Transform
• Divergent
• Rift Zone

Multiple Choice

One of the results of an earthquake can be...

• Landside
• Tsunami
• Property Damage
• All of the above.

Multiple Choice

How do convergent plates move?

• They pull away from each other.

• They slide by each other.

• They move to connect to each other.

• It depends, sometimes they move close to each other, sometimes they move far apart.

Multiple Choice

Earthquakes under the water can cause _________________________________.

• tornadoes
• tsunamis
• lightening
• hailstorms

Transformed boundaries

• A transformed boundaries is a plcae where two textonic plates slide past ech other horizontally.

Convergent Boundaries

At convergent boundaries plates collide, causing rock to be squeezed. This is know as stress.

Divergent Boundaries

Get away from me!

At divergent boundaries , plates pull away. They stretch rocks and make them thinner. This is know as tension.

• This illustration show how earthquakes can cause extreme damages and loss of life.

Epic center

The epci center is the location on Earth's surface from which the earthquake seems to radiate. It is the point directly above the focus.

An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to propel objects and people into the air, and wreak destruction across entire cities. The seismicity, or seismic activity, of an area is the frequency, type, and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time. The word tremor is also used for non-earthquake seismic rumbling.

Multiple Choice

What is an earthquake?

• When the earth causes an upward thrust in the epicenter.
• When the earth moves up and down along the ocean floor.
• When tectonic plates move against each other causing the earth to move. 
• None of the above

Multiple Choice

Name the boundary

• convergent boundary
• divergent boundary
• transform boundary
• sergent boundary

Multiple Choice

Name the boundary

• convergent boundary
• divergent boundary
• transform boundary
• sergent boundary

Multiple Choice

Created by a divergent boundary.

• Rocky Mountains
• Mariana Trench
• Mid Atlantic ridge

Multiple Choice

Mountains form from ...

• plates sliding past one another
• collision of plates
• plates moving away from each other

Multiple Choice

The source for convection currents in the mantle comes from these layers...

• inner core and crust
• outer core and crust
• mantle and crust
• outer core and mantle

Multiple Choice

The area around the pacific plate where boundaries form is called...

• death ring
• fire zone
• ring of fire
• zone of fire

Multiple Choice

Associated with transform boundaries.

• Volcanoes
• mountains
• trenches
• earthquakes

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a type of volcano?

• Cinder
• Shield
• Compositie
• Explosive

Multiple Choice

A collision between two pieces of continental crust at a converging boundary produces a

• mid ocean ridge
• deep ocean trench
• rift valley
• mountain range

Multiple Choice

What drives tectonic plate movement? 

• gravity
• coriolis effect
• convection currents
• the earth's magnetic core

Multiple Choice

What forms when an oceanic and continental plate converge?

• island arcs
• folded mountains
• volcanic mountains
• rift valleys

Multiple Choice

Large pieces of Earth's lithosphere that move around are called?

• sections
• plates
• land masses
• faults

Multiple Choice

Name the three types of plate boundaries.

• convergent, divergent, transform
• convergent, divergent, transformers
• divergent, insurgent, allegient
• conduction, convection, radiation

Multiple Choice

What would you be most likely to find at a convergent boundary between a continental and oceanic plate?

• Folded Mountains
• Volcanoes Mountain
• Mid-Ocean Ridge
• Rift

Multiple Choice

What would you be most likely to find at a divergent boundary between two pieces of oceanic crust?

• Rift
• Mid-Ocean Ridge
• Island Arc
• Flat land

Multiple Choice

A subduction zone is formed...

• when one tectonic plate sinks below another
• at every type of convergent plate boundary
• at every type of divergent plate boundary
• at transform boundaries

Multiple Choice

Identify each layer - #19.

• mantle
• lithosphere
• inner core
• outer core

Multiple Choice

Identify each layer - #20.

• mantle
• asthenosphere
• inner core
• outer core

Multiple Choice

Identify each layer - #15.

• Lithosphere
• Mantle
• Crust
• Asthenosphere

Multiple Choice

Large pieces of lithosphere that move around on the asthenosphere are called

• Crust plates
• Tectonic plates
• Mantle pieces
• Core plates

Multiple Choice

The hypothesis that land masses spread apart from each other and have done so in the past is known as

• Divergent Plate Boundary 
• Tension
• Uplift
• Continental drift

Multiple Choice

The layer of rock between the Earth's crust and core

• Inner Core
• Outer Core
• Crust
• Mantle

Multiple Choice

Many earthquakes happen along the borders of...

• Countries
• Tectonic Plates
• Climate Zones
• None of the above.

Multiple Choice

The Richter scale measures:

• the amount of radon gas released
• the movement of plates
• the strength of an earthquake
• the weight of tectonic plates

Multiple Choice

Which ocean in the world is also known as the "Ring of Fire"

• Atlantic
• Indian
• Arctic
• Pacific

Multiple Choice

Earthquakes under the water can cause _________________________________.

• tornadoes
• tsunamis
• lightening
• hailstorms

Multiple Choice

Which Plate Boundary does the picture illustrate?

• Spreading Boundary
• Fault Boundary
• Colliding Boundary
• Seismic Boundary

Multiple Choice

What Geologic Activity is occurring in this picture?

• Sea-floor Spreading
• Volcano forming
• Earthquake
• Mountain building

Multiple Choice

An erupting volcano can cause...

• rain
• other disasters like tsunamis, earthquakes, etc.
• dragon attacks
• an early Christmas

Multiple Choice

The formation of the Hawaiian Islands is one example of

• volcanoes forming over a hot spot
• volcanoes forming along a plate boundary
• the Ring of Fire
• continental drift

Multiple Choice

The study of earthquakes is called _______

• Volcanology

• Seismology

• Biology

• Geology

Multiple Choice

What evidence did Wegener use in his theory?

• Continents and fossils fitting together/matching-up like puzzle pieces 
• glacier scars and evidence from temperature
• mountain ranges and coal deposits line up across continents
• all of the above

Multiple Choice

What is the minimum number of seismograph stations needed to locate an earthquake epicenter?

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 1 billion

Multiple Choice

Which wave is the most destructive?

• P - Primary
• S - Secondary
• Surface Wave

Multiple Choice

What does the image represent?

• Triangulation
• Seismograph
• Seismogram
• Seismic Waves

Multiple Choice

The risk of earthquakes is high along the Pacific coast of the United States because_________.

•  no earthquakes erupted there lately & pressure is building
• satellites have detected increasing ground elevation
• it's where the Pacific plate & the NorthAmerican plate meet
• Mountains are being formed

Multiple Choice

Tectonic plates move because of _____.

• convection currents
• lava
• the weight of buildings and people
• weather

Multiple Choice

Highly explosive volcanoes tend to have what type of magma?

• magma with high silica, high viscosity, and higher gas content
• magma with low silica, low viscosity, and lower gas content
• magma with low silica, high viscosity, and lower gas content
• magma with no silica, high viscosity, and no gas content

Multiple Choice

The huge pieces of the earth's crust are called ____________________________. 

• crust
• plates
• directions
• seismos

Multiple Choice

This famous transform fault is located in the western United States creates significant earthquake activity for California

• New Madrid
• Denali Fault
• Ramapo Seismic Zone
• San Andreas

Multiple Choice

The composition of Earth's interior affects

• how long an earthquake will last
• the speed and direction of seismic waves
• the location of an earthquake's focus
• the strength of an earthquake

Multiple Choice

Which kind of wave arrives at seismic stations second?

• P (primary)
• S (secondary)
• L (love)
• R (rayleigh)

Multiple Choice

What is the lag time?  

• 30 sec
• 86 sec
• 56 sec
• 140 sec

Multiple Choice

Which city is closest to the epicenter?  

• A
• B
• C

Multiple Choice

What is the shaking of the Earth’s crust caused by a release of energy?

• Earthquake
• Epicenter
• Fault
• Plate

Multiple Choice

An opening in the Earth's crust through which molten rock, gases, and ash erupts is called a(n) _____________. 

• explosion
• volcano
• vent
• geyser

Multiple Choice

Most volcanoes occur at which 2 types of plate boundaries? 

• convergent w/ subduction and divergent
• divergent and transform
• divergent and hot spots
• convergent w/ subduction and hot spots

Multiple Choice

Approximately 70% of the world's composite volcanoes are located around the Pacific Ocean in a region called the ____________. 

• Ring of Fire
• Volcano Ring
• Nucleus of Volcanoes
• Center of Fire

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between magma and lava? 

• Where it is found (above or below the surface)
• How hot the molten rock is (lava is hotter than magma)
•  The type of boundary where it forms
• The viscosity of the molten rock (lava has a lower viscosity)

Multiple Choice

What causes a volcano to erupt explosively? (Hint: Think of a soda can)

• lots of trapped gases low silica magma

• little trapped gases and high silica magma

• lots of trapped gasses and high silica magma

• little trapped gases and low silica magma

Multiple Choice

Which type of volcano can alternate between explosive and non-explosive eruptions?

• Composite Volcano

• Shield Volcano

• Cinder Cone Volcano

Multiple Choice

What type of volcano is this? It has been created with only pyroclastic materials from moderately explosive eruptions. It is small with steep sides.

• Cinder cone

• Shield

• Composite

Multiple Choice

What type of volcano is this? It has been created with layers of both lava and pyroclastic materials (ash). It is large with steep sides.

• Shield

• Cinder cone

• Composite

Multiple Choice

What type of volcano is this? It has been created with layers of cooled lava. It is large with gently sloping sides.

• Shield

• Cinder cone

• Composite

Multiple Choice

Which ingredient(s) in magma determines whether an eruption is explosive or quiet?

• Amount of rock.
• Amount of magma.
• Amount of obsidian rock.
• Amount of silica, water vapor, and dissolved gases.

Multiple Choice

Earthquakes occur in the _____________.

• crust
• mantle
• inner core
• outer core

Multiple Choice

A huge hole that is left behind when a volcano collapses is called a _____.

• Batholith
• Caldera
• Geyser

Multiple Choice

Volcanoes that are NOT found at plate boundaries occur in the middle of plates in areas called ___________. 

• hot spots
• mid-ocean ridges
• fissure volcanoes
• shield volcanoes

Multiple Choice

The epicenter of an earthquake is ___.

• The point below the surface where rock begins to break and the first motion occurs
• The seismic station closest to the earthquake
• The place where the greatest damage occurs
• The point on the surface directly above the focus

Multiple Choice

The motion caused by earthquakes travels outward from the focus in the form of ____.

• Electromagnetic waves
• Seismic waves
• Gravity waves
• Chemical energy

Multiple Choice

Many earthquakes happen every day. Most are too small for humans to notice.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The fastest moving earthquake wave is the ____.

• P (Primary) wave
• S (Secondary) wave
• Surface wave
• BIG wave

Multiple Choice

The layer of Earth made mostly of silicon and oxygen is the ___.

• crust/lithosphere

• mantle

• core

Multiple Choice

The plates move ___.

• slowly

• quickly

• they don't move at all

Multiple Choice

What kinds of features form at subduction boundaries?

• mid ocean ridges, trenches, and rift valleys

• mid ocean ridges, trenches, and mountains

• trenches, volcanoes, and mountains

• volcanoes, rift valleys, and faults

Multiple Choice

Why didn't people believe Alfred Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift?

• he was crazy

• he could't explain how or why the continents moved

• he had no evidence that the continents moved

• he was too old to study continental drift