inheritance

Multiple Choice

Which is the best definition of DNA?

• a spiral ladder
• something in your cells
• the recipe for making an organism

Multiple Choice

The yellow part of this picture is DNA. What do you think the turquoise part around it is?

• chromosome
• gene
• DNA
• ACTG

Multiple Choice

DNA is inside your cells. What part of the cell is the DNA inside of?

• cell membrane
• cytoplasm
• nucleus

Multiple Choice

What is a gene?

• A bundle (like a hot dog bun) that the DNA is packed into
• something inside the nucleus
• a piece of DNA
• all of your DNA

Multiple Choice

Which sentence is FALSE?

• All organisms have 23 pairs of DNA.

• Chromosomes are made of genes.

• DNA is made out of 4 nucleotides: adenine, cytosine, thymine, guanine

• DNA is the recipe for life.

Multiple Choice

______________ always pairs with thymine.

• Cytosine

• Guanine

• Adenine

Multiple Choice

A _________________ is a cell organelle made of ribosomal RNA and protein.

• ribosome

• mitochondria

• nucleus

Multiple Choice

Mutations are mistakes that become part of ___________________.

• history

• genetic code

• proteins

Multiple Choice

The structure of DNA is a twisted ladder shape called a _________________.

• helix

• single helix

• double helix

• triple helix

Multiple Choice

The two sides of the DNA ladder are made up of ____________________________________________.

• sugars and phosphates

• traits and characteristics

• DNA and RNA

Multiple Choice

Cytosine always pairs with __________________.

• cytosine

• thymine

• guanine

• adenine

Multiple Choice

Which shows the correct complementary base pairing for DNA?

• C-A, T-G
• A-G, C-T
• C-G, U-A
• T-A, G-C

Multiple Choice

Why is DNA important?

• It teleports cookies to my locker.

• It carries the instructions for our cells.

• It allows me to be invisible.

• It gave us a snow day in August.

Multiple Choice

If a DNA sequence it GAATGCCT, what are the matching base pairs?

• ACGTACCTG

• AEIOU and sometimes Y

• CTTACGGA

• GCCTATGC

Multiple Choice

What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?

• the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
• the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
• the color of the nitrogen bases
• the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases

Multiple Choice

Which of the following monomers are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?

• amino acids
• nucleotides
• fatty acids
• polysaccharides

Multiple Choice

The molecule pictured is a building block of _______.

• a lipid

• DNA
• a carbohydrate
• a protein

Multiple Choice

What process is occurring in the image?

• Transcription

• Translation

• DNA Replication

• Cellular Respiration

Multiple Choice

Transcription occurs in the ____ and Translation occurs in the ____ of the cell.

• Ribosome, Nucleus

• Cytoplasm, Ribosome

• Nucleus, Mitochondria

• Nucleus, Ribosome

Multiple Choice

In a diploid cell there are

• 46 pairs of chromosome

• 57 pairs of chromosome

• 23 pairs of chromosome

• 22 pairs of chromosome

Multiple Choice

What term is given to an organism that carries two identical alleles of a gene

• heterozygous

• homozygous

• dominant

• recessive

Multiple Choice

What term is used to describe the alleles that a person carries for a gene

• genotype

• dominant

• phenotype

• recessive

Multiple Choice

What term is used to describe the observable features that an organism has due to the alleles that it carries?

• genotype

• inheritance

• phenotype

• dominant characteristic

Multiple Choice

What word is used to describe a version of a gene?

• genotype

• phenotype

• allele

• chromosome

Multiple Choice

What word is used to describe a thread-like structure of DNA that carries genes?

• nucleus

• chromosome

• genotype

• phenotype

Multiple Choice

Cystic fibrosis is a lung disease caused by a recessive allele, c.

Two healthy parents produce a child with cystic fibrosis.

Which of the following statements must be true?

• One parent must be homozygous and the other must be heterozygous

• Both parents must be homozygous

• One parent must be homozygous and the other must be heterozygous

• Both parents must be heterozygous

Multiple Choice

In pea plants, round seeds (R) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (r). Which of the following represents the genotype of a pea plant that is heterozygous?

• RR

• round

• Rr

• wrinkled

• rr

Multiple Choice

In mice, black fur (B) is dominant to white fur (b). According to the Punnett square shown, the offspring in box 4 would:

• be white.

• be heterozygous.

• be gray.

• be homozygous.

Multiple Choice

In mice, black fur (B) is dominant to white fur (b). According to the Punnett square shown, how many offspring would be black?

• 0

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

What allele combination should go in the missing box?

• AA
• Aa
• aa
• none of these

Multiple Choice

Brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes. What is the probability that the offspring will have brown eyes in this cross?

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

• 100%

Multiple Choice

Gary and Fiona are both healthy but produce a child with a genetic disease caused by a recessive allele.

Which of the following must be true?

• The child could be heterozygous

• Gary is homozygous and Fiona is heterozygous

• Gary and Fiona are both homozygous

• Gary and Fiona are both heterozygous

Multiple Choice

A plant has two different alleles of a gene, G, resulting in it having a green seed.

Which row of the table describes the phenotype and genotype of the seeds of this plant?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

A person has the genotype Aa.

What is the correct description of this genotype?

• heterozygous, with two different alleles of the same gene

• heterozygous, with two different genes of the same allele

• homozygous, with two different alleles of the same gene

• homozygous, with two different genes of the same allele

Multiple Choice

The pedigree chart shows the inheritance of a genetic disorder in a family.

What conclusion can be made about this genetic disease?

• The genetic disorder is dwarfism

• It is caused by a dominant allele

• It is caused by a recessive allele

• It is caused by codominant alleles

Multiple Choice

The pedigree chart shows the inheritance of a genetic disorder in a family.

What conclusion can be made about this genetic disease?

• The genetic disorder is dwarfism

• It is caused by a dominant allele

• It is caused by a recessive allele

• It is caused by codominant alleles

Multiple Choice

The pedigree chart shows the inheritance of a genetic disorder in a family.

It is caused by a recessive allele, h.

What conclusion can be made about the people in the chart?

• Peri must have the genotype HH

• Sarah Jane must have the genotype Hh

• Steven must have at least one H allele

• Martha and Ian must have the genotype Hh

Multiple Choice

Night-blindness is a genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele.

The pedigree chart shows the inheritance of this disorder in a family.

Person X marries someone with normal sight.

What is the probability of them having a child with night blindness?

• 0%

• 50%

• 75%

• 100%

Multiple Choice

In a certain plant, the allele fo white fruit (W) is dominant over the allele for yellow fruit (w).

A white-fruited plant was crossed with a yellow-fruited plant.

About half of the offspring were white-fruited and the other half were yellow-fruited.

Which genotypes did the parent plants have?

• ww and www

• Ww and ww

• WW and ww

• WW and Ww

Multiple Choice

In a certain animal, B s the dominant allele for normal skin without spots) and b is the allele for spotted skin.

A pair of these animals is crossed and they produce 37 offspring: 18 with spots and 19 without spots.

What are the most likely genotypes of the parents?

• BB x BB

• Bb x Bb

• Bb x bb

• bb x bb

Multiple Choice

The colour of a mouse's fur is controlled by a single pair of alleles.

A mouse with black fur was crossed with a mouse with white fur. All of the offspring had black fur.

What would be the likely ratio in several generations of offspring, if two of these black offspring were crossed?

• 1 black fur : 3 white fur

• 2 black fur : 2 white fur

• 3 black fur : 1 white fur

• 4 black fur : 0 white fur

Multiple Choice

The pedigree chart shows the inheritance of a genetic disorder in a family.

It is caused by a recessive allele.

Which person in this pedigree chart has two possible genotypes?

• Martha

• Steven

• Peri

• Jack

Multiple Choice

How many alleles for each gene are carried in all body cells?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is true of a dominant allele?

I. it is always expressed if it is present

II. two copies are needed to show its feature

III. it always causes a genetic disease

• I only

• I and II only

• II only

• I and III only

Multiple Choice

When carrying out a test cross, what is the organism of unknown genotype always crossed with?

• homozygous dominant (e.g. RR)

• heterozygous (e.g. Rr)

• homozygous recessive (e.g. rr)

• all three of these can be used

Multiple Choice

Albinism is a genetic condition caused by a recessive allele, a.

People with this condition are called albinos. They have white hair and pale skin.

What is the probability of two parents who are heterozygous for this condition producing an albino child?

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

Multiple Choice

How many alleles for each gene are carried in all body cells?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

A man of genotype I^AI^o and woman of genotype I^BI^o have a child.

What is the chance that the child will have the same blood group as one of its parents?

• 0

• 1 in 4

• 1 in 2

• 3 in 4

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements are true of codominance?

I. Both alleles are expressed in a person who is heterozygous

II. More than two phenotypes are usually possible

III. The ABO blood group system is an example of it

• I and II only

• I and III only

• II and III only

• I, II and III

Multiple Choice

Which of the following genotypes are possible for a person of blood group A?

I. I^A I^A

II. I^A I^B

III. I^A I^O

• I and II only

• I and III only

• II and III only

• I, II and III

Multiple Choice

Coat colour in a certain mammal is determined by two codominant alleles of a gene.

Allele B produces a black coat and allele W produces a white coat.

What would you expect the phenotype to be of a mammal who is heterozygous for this gene?

• Black only

• White only

• Black spots and white spots

• Grey