Ionic Bonding Intro Gizmo

Ionic Bonding Intro Gizmo

Open Ended

Nate and Clara are drawing pictures with markers. There are 8 markers in a set. Nate has 9 markers and Clara has 7. What can Nate and Clara do so that each of them has a full set?

Fill in the Blanks

Gizmo Warm-up

Just like students sharing markers, atoms sometimes share or swap electrons. By doing this, atoms form bonds. The Ionic Bonds Gizmo allows you to explore how ionic bonds form.

Open the Ionic Bonds Gizmo (click on the ExploreLearning link on your Launch Pad to access Gizmos)

To begin, check that Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) are selected from the menus at right. Click Play to see electrons orbiting the nucleus of each atom. (Note: These atom models are simplified and not meant to be realistic.)

Are you logged in to Gizmos with a sodium and chlorine atom showing

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Gizmo Warm-up

Each atom consists of a central nucleus and several shells that contain electrons. The outermost electrons are called valence electrons. How many valence electrons does a sodium atom have?    

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Gizmo Warm-up

How many valence electrons does a chlorine atom have?    

Multiple Choice

Click Pause. Elements can be classified as metals and nonmetals. Metals do not hold on to their valence electrons very tightly, while nonmetals hold their electrons tightly. Ionization energy is a measure of how tightly the valence electrons are held. Try pulling an electron away from each atom. Based on this experiment, which atom is a metal?

• sodium
• chlorine

• neither

Multiple Choice

Click Pause. Elements can be classified as metals and nonmetals. Metals do not hold on to their valence electrons very tightly, while nonmetals hold their electrons tightly. Ionization energy is a measure of how tightly the valence electrons are held. Try pulling an electron away from each atom. Based on this experiment, which atom is a nonmetal?

• chlorine
• sodium

• neither

Activity A: Ions

Multiple Choice

Get the Gizmo ready: 

• Click Reset.

Check that sodium and chlorine are still selected.

Introduction: Some of the particles that make up atoms have an electrical charge. Electrons are negatively charged, while protons are positively charged. Particles with opposite charges (+ and –) attract, while particles with the same charge (+ and + or – and –) repel.

Like charges do what?

• repel
• attract

Multiple Choice

Get the Gizmo ready: 

• Click Reset.

Check that sodium and chlorine are still selected.

Introduction: Some of the particles that make up atoms have an electrical charge. Electrons are negatively charged, while protons are positively charged. Particles with opposite charges (+ and –) attract, while particles with the same charge (+ and + or – and –) repel.

Opposite charges do what?

• attract
• repel

Fill in the Blanks

Count: Electrons move around the nucleus of atoms in specific shells, shown by the rings around the atoms in the Gizmo. The first ring holds two electrons, and the second holds eight. (If you like, you can hide the inner electrons by selecting Hide inner electrons.) Observe the sodium and chlorine atoms. How many electrons are there total in a sodium atom?

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Count: Electrons move around the nucleus of atoms in specific shells, shown by the rings around the atoms in the Gizmo. The first ring holds two electrons, and the second holds eight. (If you like, you can hide the inner electrons by selecting Hide inner electrons.) Observe the sodium and chlorine atoms. How many electrons are there total in a chlorine atom?

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Each atom is neutrally charged, which means that each atom has the same number of protons and electrons. Based on this, how many protons are in each sodium atom?

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Each atom is neutrally charged, which means that each atom has the same number of protons and electrons. Based on this, how many protons are in each chlorine atom?

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Observe: Most atoms are stable with a configuration of eight valence electrons. This is known as the octet rule. How many valence electrons does each sodium atom have?

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Observe: Most atoms are stable with a configuration of eight valence electrons. This is known as the octet rule. How many valence electrons does each chlorine atom have?

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Form a bond: Each electron has a charge of 1–, and each proton has a charge of 1+. You can calculate the charge of an atom by subtracting the number of electrons from the number of protons. Move an electron from the sodium to the chlorine atom. Turn on Show charge to check. These charged atoms are called ions. What is the charge of sodium now?

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Form a bond: Each electron has a charge of 1–, and each proton has a charge of 1+. You can calculate the charge of an atom by subtracting the number of electrons from the number of protons. Move an electron from the sodium to the chlorine atom. What is the charge of chlorine now?

Open Ended

 Why do you think there is an attraction between the two ions in this chemical bond?

Activity B: Ionic Compounds

Dropdown

Click Reset. Turn off Show charge.

Select Lithium (Li) and Oxygen (O). Look at the purple lithium atom and the red oxygen atom. Recall that most atoms are stable when their outermost ring has eight electrons. Some atoms, such as lithium and beryllium, are stable when their outermost ring has two electrons. How many electrons will the lithium atom give up to become stable?​

Select answer

How many more electrons does the oxygen atom need to become stable?​

Select answer

Open Ended

Can a stable compound be made from just these two atoms? Explain why or why not.

The answer is no. Lithium only has one electron to give and oxygen needs two electrons

Dropdown

Click Add metal to add another lithium atom, and then transfer electrons from each lithium to the oxygen. Click Check. Turn on Show charge. What is the charge of each ion?

Li​

Select answer

Li​

Select answer

O​

Select answer

Dropdown

Use the Gizmo to create stable compounds from the combinations given. You can add more of each atom as needed for everything to be stable (have 8 valence electrons).

Lithium and fluorine:
Charges:

Li​

Select answer

F​

Select answer

Formula:

Formula: ​

Select answer

Dropdown

Use the Gizmo to create stable compounds from the combinations given. After transferring electrons, arrange the atoms to demonstrate the attraction between positively charged ions and negatively charged ions. 

Beryllium and oxygen:
Charges:

Be​

Select answer

O​

Select answer

Formula:

Formula: ​

Select answer

Dropdown

Use the Gizmo to create stable compounds from the combinations given. After transferring electrons, arrange the atoms to demonstrate the attraction between positively charged ions and negatively charged ions. 

Magnesium and fluorine:
Charges:

Mg​

Select answer

F​

Select answer

Formula:

Formula: ​

Select answer