Properties of Matter

Introduction to Matter and Its Properties

Multiple Select

Which three things are physical properties:

• Mass

• Density

• Ability to Dissolve

• Ability to catch Fire

What is Matter?

\Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

All physical objects are made of matter

Matter exists in different states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma

Can you name three examples of matter you see around you right now?

Open Ended

Can you name three examples of matter you see around you right now?

Mass and Volume

●Mass: The amount of matter in an object

●Typically measured in grams or kilograms

●Volume: The amount of space an object occupies

●Measured in liters or cubic centimeters

●How would you measure the mass and volume of a textbook?

Multiple Choice

True / False: Mass and Weight are the same thing.

• True

• False

Density: Mass per Volume

●Density = Mass ÷ Volume

●Expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³)

●Helps explain why some objects float or sink

●Can you think of an object that's less dense than water?

Draw

●Can you think of an object that's less dense than water? Draw it in water.

Weight vs. Mass

●Weight: The force of gravity on an object's mass

●Measured in newtons

●Mass remains constant, but weight can change

●Your weight would be different on the Moon, but your mass would stay the same

●Why do you think this is important for space exploration?

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between mass and weight?

• mass and weight measure the same thing

• mass is heavier than weight

• mass is the amount of matter and weight is the force of gravity on a mass

• weight is the amount of matter and mass is the force of gravity on a weight

States of Matter

●Solid: Fixed shape and volume

●Liquid: Fixed volume, takes shape of container

●Gas: No fixed shape or volume

●Plasma: Ionized gas, found in stars and lightning

●What state changes have you observed in your kitchen?

Word Cloud

Which state of matter do you most act like based on your motion and energy?

States of Matter

●Matter exists in four states: solid, liquid,
gas, and plasma.

●Each state has distinct characteristics.

●Can you give examples of each state?

Open Ended

Can you give examples of each state?

Physical Properties

●Characteristics observed without changing the substance's identity

●Examples: color, melting point, boiling point, density

●Can be used to identify substances

●How could you use physical properties to distinguish salt from sugar?

Fill in the Blank

________ properties are observed without changing the substance's identity

Chemical Properties

●Describe a substance's ability to change into different substances

●Examples: flammability, reactivity with acid

●Observed during chemical reactions

●Can you name a chemical property of wood that makes it useful for campfires?

Multiple Choice

Which is term correctly describes a substance's ability to change into a new substance

• physical change

• physical property

• chemical change

• chemical property

Solubility

●The ability of a substance to dissolve in
another substance, important for making solutions

●Usually refers to solids dissolving in liquids

●Affected by temperature and pressure

●Why do you think hot tea dissolves sugar faster than iced tea?

Poll

Which type of drink do you prefer?

• Hot Tea with Honey

• Cold Tea with Honey

• Hot Soda

• Cold Soda

Conductivity

●Ability to transmit heat or electricity

●Metals are generally good conductors

●Insulators are poor conductors

●Can you explain why pot handles are often made of plastic or wood?

Open Ended

Can you explain why pot handles are often made of plastic or wood?

Melting Point and Boiling Points

●Melting point: Temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

●Boiling point: Temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas

●Unique for each substance

Match

Match the temperatures.

• 22ºC

• 212ºF

• 0ºC

• 100ºF

• 0 K

room temp

boiling point of water

freezing point of water

a hot day

absolute zero

• room temp

• boiling point of water

• freezing point of water

• a hot day

• absolute zero

Viscosity

●A liquid's resistance to flow

●High viscosity: thick, flows slowly (like honey)

●Low viscosity: thin, flows easily (like water)

●How might viscosity affect the design of car engines?

Multiple Choice

True / False: Flarp is a substance with a high viscosity.

• True

• False

Ductility and Malleability

●Ductility: Ability to be stretched into wire

●Malleability: Ability to be hammered into sheets

●Common in metals

●Why are these properties important in jewelry making?

Match

Match the terms about metals.

• Ductility

• Luster

• Malleability

• Conductivity

• Corrosion Resistance

The ability to be stretched into a wire

Shininess of a metal's surface

The ability to be shaped without breaking

The ability to conduct electricity

The ability to withstand oxidation and rust

• The ability to be stretched into a wire

• Shininess of a metal's surface

• The ability to be shaped without breaking

• The ability to conduct electricity

• The ability to withstand oxidation and rust

Hardness

●Resistance to scratching or deformation

●Measured on the Mohs scale (1-10)

●Diamond is the hardest natural substance (10)

●How might hardness be important in
choosing materials for construction?

Poll

Which material might be best for construction based on the hardness of the material?

• aluminum

• gypsum

• limestone

• iron

Pressure

●Force exerted per unit area
P = F / a

●Measured in pascals (Pa)

●Crucial in understanding gases and liquids

●Why do your ears "pop" when you change altitude quickly?

Draw

'Under Pressure' is a collaboration between David Bowie and Queen. Why is it the best song? Draw pressure.

Review and Questions

●What are the key properties of matter we discussed?

●How do physical and chemical properties differ?

●Can you give examples of each state of matter?

●Any questions or topics you'd like to explore further?