Energy, Motion, & Newton's Laws

Energy, Motion, & Newton’s Laws

ENERGY

What is Energy?

Energy is ability to move matter or
change matter in some other way. In
other words, the ability to do work.

-Energy is measured in Joules (J).

-1 J is the amount of energy needed to apply
a force of 1 Newton (N) over 1 meter.

Types of Energy

Kinetic Energy- Energy that moves matter.

-KE = (½ Mass) x Velocity^2

Potential Energy- Energy stored in a person/object.

-Gravitational Potential Energy: Potential energy due to the position of
an object above Earth’s surface. GPE=(Weight x Height x Gravity)

-Elastic Potential Energy: Potential energy due to an object’s shape.

Forms of Energy

Mechanical - energy of movement.

Chemical - energy that is stored in the bonds
between the atoms of compounds.

Electrical - energy of moving electrons.

Electromagnetic - energy that
travels through space as electrical
and magnetic waves.

Forms of Energy

Thermal - energy of moving atoms of matter.

Sound - a form of mechanical energy
that starts with a vibration in matter.

Nuclear - energy that is stored in the
nuclei of atoms because of the strong
forces that hold the nucleus together.

Energy Resources

Natural Resources: Useful material
that is found in nature.

Nonrenewable Resources: Natural
resource that is consumed or used up
faster than it can be made by nature;
includes fossil fuels.

Renewable Resources: Any natural
resource that exists in limitless amounts
or can be remade or recycled quickly
enough to keep up with human use.

Nonrenewable Resources

Renewable Resources

Motion

What is Motion?

- Motion is change in position.

Remember!

We perceive motion differently
depending on our Frame of
Reference. That is something
that is not moving with respect
to an observer that can be used
to detect motion.

What is Distance?

Distance is the length of the route
between two points. We measure
distance with the SI Unit of Meters.

What is Direction?

Direction is the location of
something relative to something
else. Direction can be described
in relative terms, such as up,
down, in, out, left, right, forward,
backward, or sideways. Direction
can also be described with the
cardinal directions: north, south,
east, or west.

Vector: A measurement that has both size and direction.

What is Speed?

How fast or slow something moves is its speed. Speed determines
how far something travels in a given amount of time. The SI unit for
speed is meters per second (m/s). Speed may be constant, but often it
varies from moment to moment.

The Magic Triangle

Multiple Choice

What is the formula for calculating speed

• Distance/Time = Speed

• Time/Distance = Speed

• Direction/Time = Speed

• Time/Direction = Speed

Forces

What Is Force?

●

Push or pull acting on an object.

-Types of force include: Gravity, Friction,
& Applied Forces

Multiple Select

What type of force(s) are present when you throw a ball?

• Gravity

• Friction

• Applied Forces

• Force

What is Force Continued

-SI Unit for force is a Newton (N). This is the force needed for 1kg
to accelerate to 1m/s^2. (1kg X 1m/s^2)

-Force can be a Vector or directional.

Net Force

-Net Force (N) is the combination of all
individual forces acting on an object.

What will be the Net Force on the ball?

Which
direction will
the ball go?

Elastic Force

-Elastic force is the counter force of an Elastic
material in the opposite direction of an applied
force (stretching/compressing).

-Elasticity: ability of a material to return
to its original shape after being
stretched or compressed.

Friction

-A force that opposes motion between any
surfaces that are touching.

Why Is There Friction?

-The simple answer: Nothing is perfectly smooth.

What is the main product of Friction?

Gravity

A force of attraction between things that have mass.

-The more massive an object, the greater gravity it has.

-The further apart two objects are, the less their gravity
effects one another.

-Weight: measures the force of gravity pulling downward on
an object.

Newton’s Laws

Law of Universal Gravitation: Law stating that gravity is
a force of attraction between all objects in the universe
and that the strength of gravity is greater when masses
of objects are greater or distances between objects are
shorter.

Multiple Select

The Law of Universal Gravitation states that which two things help determine the strength of gravity is ______ & _______

• Weight

• Mass

• Speed

• Distance from an object.

Acceleration Due to Gravity

Gravity causes an object to fall toward the ground at a
faster and faster velocity the longer the object falls.

-Objects in free fall will increase in speed due to
gravity 9.8m/s^2 every second.

Question: Let’s say Mr. Sischo dropped a bowling
ball and a basketball from the roof at the same
time. Which ball will reach the ground first?

Newton’s Laws of Motion

CH. 5

Newton’s 1st Law

An object at rest will remain at rest and an
object in motion will stay in motion unless
it is acted on by an unbalanced force.

Inertia

The tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion. All
objects have inertia, whether they are stationary or moving.

To change the motion of an
object, inertia must be
overcome by an unbalanced
force acting on the object.

The Inertia of an object
depends on its mass

Newton’s 2nd Law

The acceleration of an object equals the net force acting on
the object divided by the object’s mass.

Newton’s 3rd Law

Every action has an equal
and opposite reaction.

Momentum: a property of
a moving object that
makes it hard to stop.
The more mass it has or
the faster it’s moving, the
greater its momentum.

Law of Conservation of Momentum

Law stating that, when an action and
reaction occur, the combined momentum
of the objects remains the same.

In simple terms, momentum
is conserved.

Multiple Choice

Every action has an equal
and opposite reaction.

• Newton's 1st Law

• Newton's 2nd Law

• Newton's 3rd Law

Multiple Choice

An object at rest will remain at rest and an
object in motion will stay in motion unless
it is acted on by an unbalanced force.

• Newton's 1st Law

• Newton's 2nd Law

• Newton's 3rd Law

Multiple Choice

The acceleration of an object equals the net force acting on
the object divided by the object’s mass.

• Newton's 1st Law

• Newton's 2nd Law

• Newton's 3rd Law

Multiple Choice

The tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion. All
objects have inertia, whether they are stationary or moving.

• Momentum

• Acceleration

• Speed

• Inertia

Multiple Choice

The formula for momentum in ________.

• M = P/V

• V = P/M

• P = M x V

• M = P x V

Multiple Choice

The formula for Force is _______.

• F = M x A

• F = M/A

• A = F/M

• A = F x M