Introduction to Membrane Structure (Review of Water)

Draw

If available, physically MODEL a water molecule using the tools at your table or any scraps you have on hand. Collaborate with others to model how they acted on the penny, on the wax paper, and the table.

 

DRAW at least two water molecules on this page, and SHOW how they associate. LABEL as many details as you can!

Dropdown

Describe the diagram to explain how differences in electronegativity contribute to water's polarity.



The element ​

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has more protons and space in an electron shell close to the nucleus. It is capable of tugging very hard on its ​

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.

Meanwhile, the element​

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has only one proton and cannot match this force. The differences in their respective ​ electronegativity cause the oxygen in a water molecule to be partially ​

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and the hydrogen in a water molecule to be partially ​

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. Thus, a water molecule is polar, because while H2O is 'neutral', there are areas of charge.

Labelling

Distinguish between areas of partial charge in the water molecule.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

𝛿+

𝛿−

Labelling

Distinguish between bond types in and among water molecules.

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covalent bond

hydrogen bond

Fill in the Blanks

Match

Distinguish between definitions of the closely related terms.

• applies to atoms; how much they 'pull' at their cloud

• forms when electronegativity difference between atoms is high

• forms when electronegativity differences between atoms are minimal

• forms between molecules

• makes a molecule capable of forming hydrogen bonds

electronegativity

polar covalent bond

non-polar covalent bond

hydrogen bond

polarity

• electronegativity

• polar covalent bond

• non-polar covalent bond

• hydrogen bond

• polarity

Categorize

Options (9)

fatty acid

glycerol

monosaccharide

amino acid

nucleotide

CHOP

CHO

CHON

CHONP

We will be exploring the structure of a phospholipid. Based on the name, we know it will contain... (Compare and contrast the upcoming molecule's monomers and elements with other macromolecules.)

Phospholipid

Carbohydrate

Protein

Nucleic acid

Categorize

Options (10)

hydrophobic

water-fearing

cannot form hydrogen bonds

primarily C-H

hydrophilic

water-loving

forms hydrogen bonds

contains phosphate group

non-polar

polar

This is the phospholipid. It is divided into a 'tail' region and a 'head' region. Use the image to compare and contrast the regions.

Tails

Heads

Hotspot

Using the line diagram on the left for structural knowledge, IDENTIFY regions of the phospholipid on the right that are capable of forming hydrogen bonds.

Multiple Choice

Phospholipids interact with water in a particular fashion. IDENTIFY the correct model. 

Before viewing feedback, JUSTIFY your choice by EXPLAINING the interactions that occur between water and the phospholipid.

Draw

Doodle a phospholipid in as much detail as you have in your head.

Need more practice on water properties?

Keep going for the next couple of questions. You will distinguish between relevant properties of water to the current topic, and be reminded of the other properties that you can add to your notes if you didn't earlier in the year.

Match

Describe the water molecule with regards to charge.

• hydrogen in water

• oxygen in water

• H2O

partially positive

partially negative

neutral

• partially positive

• partially negative

• neutral

Dropdown

The term ​

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means water-fearing. It describes ​

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molecules based on how they interact with water.



The term ​

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means water-loving. It describes ​

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molecules based on how they interact with water.

Dropdown

In this image, the hydrophilic head of the phospholipid will ​

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bonds with water.



The hydrophobic tail of the phospholipid will ​

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bonds with water.

Dropdown

In this image, we see ​

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bonds forming between water and a phospholipid ​

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.



The partially​

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oxygen bonds to the partially ​

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nitrogen.



The hydrogen of water forms an ​

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bond with a partially negative oxygen of the phospholipid, due to the same difference in charge.

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​

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is when water molecules are attracted to other water molecules. This phenomenon forms water droplets. Remember it because ​

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workers like Pena and Metcalf have the same role.



​

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is when water molecules are attracted to other substances. This is why water will interact with the ​

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of a phospholipid. Remember it because ​

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hesive is glue, and you don't glue glue to glue; you use glue to bind a different surface.

Match

Match the following properties of water to their descriptions in terms of hydrogen bonds.

• hydrogen bonds between water and water

• hydrogen bonds between water and polar and ionic substances

• significant energy is required to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules and cause phase changes; lake temperature remains stable

• hydrogen bonds between water molecules can form a 'lattice', which spread the molecules further apart as a solid than a liquid

• when you sweat, water molecules take significant thermal energy from your skin as hydrogen bonds are broken

cohesion

adhesion

high heat capacity

floating ice

high heat of vaporization

• cohesion

• adhesion

• high heat capacity

• floating ice

• high heat of vaporization