Adjuncts - Tranquillizers and Sedatives

Adjuncts

Multiple Choice

What does ataxia mean?

• Ataxia is poor muscle control that causes clumsy movements.

• Ataxia is a psychological disorder involving facial recognition.

• Ataxia refers to a form of temporary paralysis.

• Ataxia is a type of muscle disease.

Phenothiazine Review!

Multiple Choice

Acepromazine provides pain control.

True or False?

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

What is the reversal agent for Acepromazine?

• Naloxone is the reversal agent for Acepromazine.

• Atropine reverses all affects of Acepromazine.

• There is no specific reversal agent for Acepromazine.

• Flumazenil is used to counteract Acepromazine.

Multiple Select

Choose all that apply!
Acepromazine is a(n)...

• Opioid

• Tranquilizer

• NSAID

• Phenothiazine

Multiple Select

Acepromazine can cause....
(Choose all that apply!)

• Vomiting

• Peripheral vasodilation

• Hypotension

• Tachycardia

• Arrhythmias

Practice Question!
Compare and Contrast diazepam and midazolam

Contrast (what's different?

Compare (what's the same?)

Summary of Contrast

Benzodiazepine Review!

Multiple Choice

What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?

• Naloxone
• Flumazenil
• Atropine
• Acetylcysteine

Multiple Select

What are important properties of benzodiazepines?
Select all that apply!

• Provides pain control

• Muscle relaxation

• Appetite stimulant

• Anti-convulsant

Multiple Choice

What does dysphoria mean?

• A medical condition requiring surgery.
• A feeling of extreme happiness.
• A type of food allergy.
• A state of unease, anxiety and excitement.

Multiple Choice

What is the mode of action for Benzodiazepines?

• Benzodiazepines block serotonin receptors.
• Benzodiazepines inhibit dopamine production.
• Benzodiazepines reduce norepinephrine levels.
• Benzodiazepines enhance GABA-A receptor activity.

Categorize

Options (9)

Water soluble

Popular for exotics

Can be mixed with most other premedications

NOT water soluble

Mix with Ketamine

Can be given IV or IM

Give IV only

Drug of choice for status epileptics in cats

Soluble in plastic

Put the following in the correct category.

Diazepam

Midazolam

Multiple Choice

Alpha-2 Agonists are controlled drugs.

• True

• False

Match

Match the drug to the reversal agent

• Dexdomitor

• Xylazine

• Alpha-2 Agonist

Antiseden

Yohimbine

Alpha-2 Antagonist

• Antiseden

• Yohimbine

• Alpha-2 Antagonist

Multiple Choice

Xylazine has 2 concentrations. Which animal is more sensitive and requires 1/10th the dose of the other?

• Horses

• Cattle

Multiple Choice

Dexmeditomidine can be absorbed through the skin.

• True

• False

Multiple Select

Which of the following are potential adverse effects of Alpha-2 Agonists?
Select all that apply!

• Agitation or aggression

• Hypotension

• Bradycardia

• Decreased tissue perfusion

• Vomiting

Multiple Choice

Alpha-2 Agonists provide pain control.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which of the following patients would be the best candidate for using dexmeditomidine?

• A colic surgery on a 7 year old stallion.

• A spay on a 6-month-old English Bulldog.

• A dental on a 4-year-old dog with congestive heart failure.

• A castration on a 3-year-old healthy cat.

REVIEW!
Opioids +

Match

Match the drug to the reversal agent

• Midazolam

• Hydromorphone

• Dexmeditomidine

• Acepromazine

Flumazenil

Naloxone

Antiseden

There isn't one!

• Flumazenil

• Naloxone

• Antiseden

• There isn't one!

Match

Match the following

• Full agonist opioid

• Partial agonist opioid

• Agonist-antagonist opioid

• Opioid antagonist

Hydromorphone

Buprenorphine

Butorphanol

Naloxone

• Hydromorphone

• Buprenorphine

• Butorphanol

• Naloxone

Multiple Choice

Naloxone is a controlled drug.

• True

• False

Open Ended

What routes can opioids be adminsitered?

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements are true?
Select all that apply.

• Opioids have a wide safety margin.

• Opioids last for approximately 24 hours.

• Opioids can be administered to sick or debilitated patients.

• Opioids can cause depression or excitement, depending on route of administration and species.

• Opioids cause tachycardia and tachypnea.

Categorize

Options (16)

Opioids

Alpha-2 Agonists

Dexmeditomidine

Butorphanol

Benzodiazepines

Midazolam

Buprenorphine

Fentanyl

Morphine

Diazepam

Phenothiazines

Xylazine

Acepromazine

Naloxone

Antiseden

Flumazenil

Categorize the following.

Provides Pain Control

Does NOT provide pain control

Multiple Choice

Mydriasis

Multiple Choice

Opioids cause bradycardia. How can we prevent this?

• Increase fluid intake to boost heart rate.
• Add an anticholinergic to the premedication.

• Administer a higher dose of opioids.
• Premedicate with naloxone.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are potential adverse effects of opioids?

Select all that apply.

• Diarrhea

• GI stasis in horses

• Vomiting

• Intracranial pressure (morphine)

• Tachycardia

Multiple Choice

Butorphanol can partial reverse pure opioid agonists.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What is "neuroleptanalgesia"?

• A type of surgical procedure involving anesthesia.
• A psychological condition characterized by extreme anxiety.
• A state of sedation and analgesia achieved by combining an opioid and a tranquilizer.

• A method of physical therapy using electrical stimulation.

Categorize

Options (19)

No reversal agent

Acepromazine

Dexmedetomidine

Morphine

Hydromorphone

Fentanyl

Diazepam

Midazolam

Anti-emetic

Penile prolapse in stallions

Reversal agent: Antiseden (atipamazole)

Xylazine

Reveral agent: Yohimbine

Reversal agent: Naloxone

Can be given to debilitated patients

Wide safety margin

Reversal agent: Flumazenil

Anti-convulsant

Appetite stimulant in cats

Match the following:

Phenothiazines

Alpha-2 Agonists

Opioids

Benzodiazepines

Draw

Can you colour in this kitten?
(Don't forget the highlighter tool!)