Computer Organization Lesson

Computer Organization

What are the
main parts of a
computer?

Two Main Categories

Computers parts divided into

1. Hardware

■ Physical components

2. Software

■ Programs that run on the computer

Multiple Choice

What is software?

• Software refers to physical devices used in computing.
• Software is a type of hardware component.
• Software is a set of instructions that enables a computer to perform tasks.
• Software is a programming language used to create websites.

Multiple Choice

What is hardware?

• Hardware is the physical components of a computer system.
• Hardware refers to software applications.
• Hardware is a type of computer programming language.
• Hardware is the virtual part of a computer system.

Several Sub-Categories

Output Devices

How your computer

tells you things.

Output Devices

● Allows your computer to

● Display information
● Give audio signals
● Transform digital information into physical

information

Multiple Choice

What is an output device?

• An output device is a hardware component that displays or produces data from a computer.
• An output device is a hardware component that inputs data into a computer.
• An output device is a type of software that manages data storage.
• An output device is a network component that connects multiple computers.

Output Devices That Display

● Monitors

● Video Card

● Projector

Monitor

Projector

Output Devices for Audio

● Speakers

● Sound Card

● Headphones

Output Devices for Digital to
Physical Conversion

● Laser or Inkjet printer

● 3D printer

3D Printer

Multiple Select

Select any output devices that displays information. More than 1 may apply.

• Monitor
• Projector
• Speaker
• Printer

Multiple Choice

Select any output devices that provides sound.

• Speakers, Headphones
• Monitor
• Printer
• Projector

Multiple Choice

What device converts something from digital to physical and is an output device?

• Speaker
• Scanner
• Monitor
• Printer

Input Devices

How you give

information to your

computer.

Input Devices

● Allow you to

○ Interact with the computer

○ Turn physical data into digital data

Multiple Choice

What is an input device?

• An input device is a hardware component used to input data into a computer.
• An input device is a hardware component that stores data permanently.
• An input device is a type of software used to manage computer operations.
• An input device is a component that outputs data from a computer.

Interactive Input Devices

● Touchpad or Trackpad
● Mouse
● Keyboard
● Joystick
● Remote
● Touchscreen

Digitizing Input Devices

● Scanner
● Microphone
● Digital Cameras
● Webcams
● Sensors

Airplane cockpit. Airplane sensors gather
information like altitude and direction. The dials are
output devices, but they get information the input
devices -- the sensors!

Multiple Choice

Input devices allows you to enter information into the computer. Select an input device that points and clicks.

• Printer
• Mouse
• Scanner
• Keyboard

Multiple Choice

Select the input device that allows you to press keys and type in information to the computer.

• microphone
• keyboard
• scanner
• mouse

Multiple Choice

This input devices will photograph a physical document and convert it into a digital document.

• Scanner
• Fax Machine
• Photocopier
• Printer

Multiple Choice

This input device is typically used for video games to control movement.

• Keyboard
• Touchscreen
• Game controller or Joystick

• Mouse

Multiple Choice

This input device will allow to input information using your fingers or a stylus pen.

• Touchscreen
• Trackpad
• Mouse
• Keyboard

Multiple Choice

This input device converts from physical to digital and is typically used for videos and video chat.

• Projector
• Speaker
• Web Camera

• Microphone

Storage
Devices

How your computer

remembers
information

Storage Devices

● Computer’s memory

○ Allows computer to store information to retrieve later
○ Allows users to save data

● Two Categories

○ Primary storage
○ Secondary storage

Multiple Choice

What is a storage device?

• A storage device is a hardware component used to store digital data.
• A storage device is a type of display used for visual output.
• A storage device is a network component that connects computers.
• A storage device is a type of software used to run applications.

Primary Storage

● Memory the computer uses to perform its

normal activity

● Memory is cleared when power is turned off
● Called RAM

○ Random Access Memory
○ More info later

Secondary Storage

● Extra memory used for persistent storage
● Examples

○ CD
○ USB drive
○ Hard drive
○ Floppy disk
○ Cloud storage

Floppy Disk

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between primary and secondary storage?

• Primary storage is slower and non-volatile, while secondary storage is fast and volatile.
• Primary storage is used for long-term data retention, while secondary storage is for temporary data access.
• Primary storage is external, while secondary storage is internal to the computer.
• Primary storage is fast and volatile, while secondary storage is slower and non-volatile.

Multiple Choice

What does RAM stand for?

• Random Allocation Memory
• Rapid Access Memory
• Read Access Memory
• Random Access Memory

Multiple Choice

What type of memory is cleared when the computer is powered off?

• ROM
• Cache
• Hard Drive
• RAM

Multiple Choice

Issac needs to store data for long-term use. What devices could he use?

• Magnetic tapes
• External hard drives, USB flash drives, cloud storage, optical discs
• Smartphones
• Floppy disks

Network
Devices

How your computer
communicates with
other computers.

Networks

● Computers usually don’t

directly communicate

● Sends data to a central

location, which then
passes on the
information

Multiple Choice

What is a network device?

• A network device is a type of software application.
• A network device is a hardware component that enables communication between devices on a network.
• A network device is a type of network cable.
• A network device is a protocol used for data transmission.

Router: Center of the Network

● Router

○ Receives and analyzes data from computer
○ Routes information to where it’s supposed to go
○ Can also receive and analyze data sent from other

networks

Router

Multiple Choice

What is the job or role of a router?

• The job of a router is to direct data traffic between different networks.
• A router is responsible for managing user accounts on a network.
• A router connects devices within the same local network only.
• A router is used to store data permanently.

Local Area Networks

● LAN for short
● Connects computers close to each other

○ e.g. In the same building

● Can usually be connected with a single router

Multiple Choice

What does LAN stand for?

• Large Area Network
• Limited Area Node
• Local Area Network
• Local Access Network

Multiple Choice

What is a LAN?

• A LAN is a type of wide area network.
• A LAN connects devices over the internet.
• A LAN is a network that only connects mobile devices.
• A LAN is a Local Area Network that connects devices in a limited area.

Wide Area Networks

● WAN for short
● Connects

computers far away
from each other

● Needs multiple

routers and special
cables

Multiple Choice

What does WAN stand for?

• Wide Area Node
• Wireless Area Network
• Wide Area Network
• Wired Access Network

Multiple Choice

What is a WAN?

• A WAN is a Wide Area Network that connects multiple LANs over large distances.
• A WAN is a network that only connects computers in the same room.
• A WAN is a type of wireless network used for mobile devices.
• A WAN is a Local Area Network that connects devices within a single building.

LAN vs WAN

● A WAN is usually made up of several LANs

The three computers on the left make up a
single LAN. The LAN is part of the larger
WAN, which connects several LANs[1]

Network Devices

● Router

○ Receives and analyzes data sent from other networks

● Ethernet port

○ Allows an ethernet cable to be attached
○ Ethernet is one way to physically connect to a

network

● Wireless Internet Card (WIFI Card)

○ Allows a computer to connect to the internet

Multiple Choice

What is an ethernet cable used for?

• To connect devices for video streaming.
• To power devices in a network.
• To connect devices in a network for data transmission.
• To provide wireless internet access.

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