Matter, Phases, and Phase Changes

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Matter, Phases, and Phase Changes

Understanding the different states of matter and how they change.

Introduction to Matter

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.

Matter exists in different forms or phases, which depend on temperature and pressure.

Phases of Matter

Particles are tightly packed.

• Fixed volume

• Fixed Shape

• Incompressible

Solids

Particles are close but can move.

• Fixed volume

• Takes shape of container

• Incompressible

Liquids

Particles are far apart and move freely.

• Volume is not fixed

• Expands to fill container

• Compressible

Gases

Plasma

Plasma is a high-energy state of matter where atoms are ionized, meaning they have lost or gained electrons.

• Composed of positively charged ions and free electrons

• Volume is not fixed.

• Shape is not fixed.

Plasma is like a gas with an electrical charge!

Multiple Choice

Milk takes the shape of its container. What state is it?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

• Plasma

Multiple Choice

What is the correct ranking for states whose particles are closest together to states whose particles are farthest part.

• Liquid -> Solid -> Gas

• Solid -> Gas -> Liquid

• Solid -> Liquid -> Gas

• Gas -> Liquid -> Solid

Multiple Choice

Which option best describes a solid?

• No definite shape or volume.

• Definite volume but not shape.

• Highest kinetic energy

• Definite shape and volume.

Multiple Choice

In which state are particles moving the fastes?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

Multiple Choice

The state of matter where the particles are spread out as far as possible is

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

Multiple Choice

The state of matter where the particles are tightly packed is

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

Multiple Choice

The state of matter where the particles have a set volume but not shape is.

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

Phase Diagrams

Shows the states of matter of under different conditions of temperature and pressure.

The force exerted by particles on the walls of their container.

Increasing pressure can change the phase of matter.

Pressure

A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles.

As temperature increases, particles move faster.

Temperature

The Role of Temperature and Pressure

Phase Changes

The transformation of matter from one phase to another.

Representing Phase Changes Graphically

Heating Curves

Shows how temperature changes as heat is added to a substance.

As temperatures increase, the matter goes from solid to liquid to gas phases.

Cooling Curves

Shows how temperature changes as heat is removed to a substance.

As temperatures decreases, the matter goes from gas to liquid to solid phases.

REMEMBER!

Temperature does not change during a phase change until the phase change is complete.

• Flat line = phase change

• Sloped line = temperature change
  

Energy is released during phase changes.

Example: Freezing and condensation (going from higher energy to lower energy).

Exothermic

Energy is absorbed during the phase change.

Example: Melting and evaporation (going from a lower energy to higher energy).

Endothermic

Endothermic v. Exothermic

Multiple Choice

During melting, the temperature

• increases

• decreases

• stays the same

Multiple Choice

During condensation, the heat energy

• Increases

• Decreases

• Stays the same

Multiple Choice

What happens to the particles and heat energy and temperature increases?

• Nothing

• Slows down

• Speed up

• Stays the same

Open Ended

Write 3 things you learned.