Ionic vs Covalent Compounds

Ionic, covalent and giant covalent compounds

By Angela Thornsberry

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• Forms crystals

• Hard and brittle

• High melting point

• ​Don't conduct as solid, but can conduct electricty when dissolved in water

• ​Often water soluble

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​Properties of Ionic Compounds:

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1. ​Formed by a metal and nonmetal.

2. Metal loses electrons (+, cation).

3. Nonmetal gains electrons (-, anoion).​

4. Opposite charges are attracted forming a bond​.

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Positive metal ions are attracted to surrounding nonmetal ions, allowing crystals to form.

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​A crystal is a solid material in which the atoms are arranged in a definite pattern and an internal symmetry​.

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​Ionic Compounds

Multiple Choice

How are ionic bonds formed?

• Transfer of electrons
• Sharing of electrons

Multiple Choice

Ionic bonds form between two ions that have...

• ionic compounds
• negative charges
• positive charges
• opposite charges

Multiple Choice

Because the force of attraction between the positive and negative ions is so strong, ionic compounds have _________ melting points.

• high
• low

• Low melting points and boiling points.

• Typically not water soluble

• Soft or brittle solid forms.

• Poor electrical and thermal conductivity

• Polar Covalent molecules are more likely to dissolve in water

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​Properties of Covalent Compounds

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​Electrons are shared, between two nonmetals or metalloids.

Polar Vs Non-polar Covalent

Some text here about the topic of discussion

• Electrons are shared equally

• Molecules are symmetrical

• No charges ​

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​Non-polar

• Electrons are not shared equally

• ​Molecules are asymmetrical

• Molecules have slight charges ​

​Polar

Multiple Choice

Compared to ionic compounds, molecular compounds generally have...

• good conductivity
• greater densities
• more chemical bonds
• a low boiling point

Multiple Choice

Compared to ionic compounds, molecular compounds generally have...

• stronger chemical bonds
• poor conductivity
• a high melting point
• lower densities

Multiple Choice

Covalent bonds usually form when a nonmetal combines with a(an) METAL.

• True
• False

Don't fit the usual model of covalent and have some different properties​.

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Ex. Diamond and Graphite:​

Both made of Carbon but are different because of the # of bonds​​​

https://www.worldofmolecules.com/3D/graphite.htm

​Giant Covalent

Structures​

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Another giant covalent structure but has Silicon and Carbon

Properties:

• Hard

• High melting point

• semi-conductor​ - silicon is a metalloid

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​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

​Silicon Carbide

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Multiple Choice

How many bonds will a C atom form?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Melting points are very high – a large amount of energy is needed to break all the covalent bonds

• simple covalent molecules
• metallic
• ionic
• giant covalent 

Multiple Choice

What element are diamond and graphite made up of?

• A.     Sodium
• B.     Carbon
• C.     Carbon dioxide
• D.     Silicon

Multiple Choice

What structure is shown in the diagram?

• Diamond
• Graphite
• Carbon fiber
• Carbon nanotubes

Multiple Choice

What structure is shown in the diagram?

• Diamond
• Graphite
• fullerene

Multiple Choice

Graphite is soft because

• it has strong covalent bonds

• its layers can slide over one another due to weak forces between the layers

• it has weak van der Waals forces between layers

• it is used as a lubricant