Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics

​Lesson 5.2: Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics

Mount Erebus is Antartica is known for its snowy, ice packed slopes. Reaching the top, however, shows that there is more to this mountain than meets the eye. Mount Erebus is also one of the Earth's most southern volcanoes. Scientists believe that Mount Erebus lies over an area where the material from the mantle is able to break through to the surface, sometimes shooting molten rock three meters arcoss.

Multiple Choice

How does heat move?

• From a warmer object to a cooler object

• From a cooler object to a warmer object

• Toward the hottest object in the area

• In a random direction

Multiple Choice

__________ is the transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid

• radiation

• convection

• conduction

• boiling

Multiple Choice

__________ is the amount of mass in a given volume

• weight

• heat

• energy

• density

Multiple Choice

Where does the heat that causes convection currents in the Earth come from

• The Sun

• The Crust

• The Mantle

• The Outer Core

• The Inner Core

Lesson Objectives

• Describe a Volcano

• Understand where volcanoes found on Earth

• Describe why Volcanoes appear where they do

​Where are volcanoes found on Earth's Surface?

• Volcano: a mountain that forms in the Earth's crust when molten material reaches the surface

  • Magma: A molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, & water from the mantle

  • Lava: Magma that has reached the surface

    • Cools and forms solid Rock​

Ohio 8th Grade Science | Lesson 5.2

​Where do Volcanoes form?

• In general, volcanoes form along plate boundaries of Earth's Plates

  • Mainly occur at diverging boundaries, where the crust fractures

  • Can also occur at converging boundaries if one plate pushes under the other

  • Sometimes form at hotspots away from plate boundaries

Ohio 8th Grade Science | Lesson 5.2

​The Ring of Fire

• A major belt of volcanoes, in the pacific ocean

• Spreads across the ocean, from Asia to North America​

Ohio 8th Grade Science | Lesson 5.2

Draw

Circle a volcano on the map that does not fall along a plate boundary

Multiple Select

Which types of plate boundaries most likely occurs around the ring of fire?

• Convergent

• Divergent

• Transform

Multiple Choice

____________ is an underground molten mixture of rock forming substances, gases, and water from the mante

• Lava

• Tectonics

• Magma

• Crust

Multiple Choice

A Volcano is a(n) ____________ that forms in Earth's Crust when molten material reaches the surface

• island

• mountain

• valley

• Crust

​Volcanoes & Diverging Boundaries

• Constructive plate margin

• When two plates pull apart, they can form mountain ranges with valleys

  • Can form volcanoes both on land and in the ocean

• lava pours out of the cracks and begins to form new mountains​

Ohio 8th Grade Science | Lesson 5.2

​Volcanoes & Converging Boundaries

• Destructive plate margin

• ​Occurs primarily in/around the ocean

• Sometimes when two plates collide, one pushes under the other one and creates a trench

  • ​Generally an oceanic plate is pushed under a continental plate and melts

Ohio 8th Grade Science | Lesson 5.2

​Volcanoes & Converging Boundaries

• Volcanoes at convergent boundaries can create an island arc

  • Curves the same way as the deep ocean trench

  • Formed Islands like Japan, New Zealand, and the Caribbean Islands

Ohio 8th Grade Science | Lesson 5.2

​Volcanoes & Hot Spots

• A Hot spot is an area not along plate boundaries where material from the earths mantle rises to the crust

• Stays in one place for millions of years while the plate moves over it

  • As the plate moves, farther from the ​hotspot, the island formed stops erupting

    • Examples: Yellowstone National Park, Hawaii

Ohio 8th Grade Science | Lesson 5.2

Multiple Choice

The Hot spot in this picture is currently forming volcanic mountains on which island

• Kauai

• Oahu

• Maui

• Hawaii

Multiple Choice

Which Island in the chain is the oldest

• Kauai

• Oahu

• Maui

• Hawaii

Multiple Choice

True or False: Islands can form under water

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Is the Island of Oahu likely to erupt again?

• Yes

• No