Folding of Amino Acids

EQ: How do Proteins Function?

Multiple Choice

Fill in the blanks
________________+Glucose=>Maltose+_________________

• Water, Glucose

• Monomer, Water

• Water, Monomer

• Glucose, Water

Multiple Choice

The reaction on the previous slide is called ______________

• Dehydration Synthesis

• Hydration Synthesis

• Water Removal

• Synthesis

Notes: What makes up a Protein?

Proteins are polymers formed by joining many amino acids together by the process of Dehydration Synthesis.
The bond that holds amino acids together is called a peptide bond.
Two amino acids joined together is called a dipeptide
More than two amino acids bonded together is a polypeptide.
A chain composed of 100 or more amino acids together is called a protein.

Notes: What makes up an Amino Acid?

Amino Group:


Carboxyl Group: COOH

“R” Group: This is the only way that amino acids differ from each other. There are 20 amino acids found in proteins, each with a different functional group (R- Group [basically anything that's not an Amino or Corboxyl]).

Humans can produce 11 of the 20 amino acids. The other 9 must be obtained from food and are called Essential Amino Acids

Draw

Circle the R Groups

Notes: How does Hydrolysis Work?

When you eat proteins, you need to digest them so the amino acids can be used in the synthesis of proteins in your body.

Copy the word form of this equation in your notes:

Dipeptide + Water --> Amino Acid + Amino Acid

Notes: How Can There be So Many Different Proteins?

Proteins differ in the number of amino acids they contain and the sequence in which they occur.
As a result, there is an almost endless variety of possible proteins.  For example, if a protein is 100 amino acids long and is made from 20 different amino acids that can be placed in any combination, there are TRILLIONS of different proteins that could be made by the cell.

​A polypeptide of only 4 amino acids (DNA, for example) has 160,000 possible combinations.

  20 X 20 X 20x 20 ( 20 to the 4th power)= 160,000

Notes: Carbs and Lipids had jobs. So, does Protein?

The shape of a molecule determines how it interacts with cells and other molecules The three dimensional shape of a protein is determined by its sequence of Amino Acids Remember that each amino acid has a different R Group which gives it different chemical properties. In a protein chain, the “R” group sticks out and interacts with others causing the chain to bend, twist, curl, and fold into a unique shape. Cells make countless proteins, each with a specific function

Notes:How does protein structure influence function?

1. Primary Structure:  The linear sequence of amino acids (encoded by a gene).

      - NOTICE: Does not describe any folding in the chain

Notes:How does protein structure influence function?

2. Secondary Structure:  Includes coils and pleats/folds that occur due to the interaction of neighboring amino acids in the chain.  

    *~Due to bond angles and hydrogen bonds nearby~*

Notes:How does protein structure influence function?

3. Tertiary Structure:  The interaction between different areas of the protein form the overall 3D shape.  

     NOTE: Due to hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulfide bonds, and the way hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas arrange accordingly

Notes:How does protein structure influence function?

4. Quaternary Structure:  Interaction of different polypeptide chains within the protein.  

Ex:  The way the different polypeptides arrange can determine active sites in enzymes

Ex:  Hemoglobin is globular protein

​ANSWER ON YOUR WHITEBOARDS:
What is the monomer of a protein? ___________________________

What are proteins used for in our bodies? _____________________

What elements does a protein contain? _______________________

Are Amino Acids and Proteins Organic? ____Why? _______________

Label the reaction below and Identify the peptide bond







_________________ + __________________ --> _________________________________ + _________

​ANSWER ON YOUR WHITEBOARDS:
What is the monomer of a protein? Amino Acids

What are proteins used for in our bodies? Structures

What elements does a protein contain? CHON

Are Amino Acids and Proteins Organic? Yes Why? Contain C and H

Label the reaction below and Identify the peptide bond

Notes: Are Nucleotides Also Proteins?

Nucleic Acids are important because they contain all of your Hereditary information. All of your characteristics or your blueprint is passed down from one generation to the next. Nucleic Acids also direct/control the cell and direct the synthesis of proteins Examples: DNA & RNA

Notes: Carbs and Lipids had jobs. So, does Protein?

Nucleic Acids are organic macromolecules that contain the elements; C, H, O, N, and P. The monomer that makes up nucleic acids is known as a Nucleotide. A nucleotide is made out of 3 parts which we will learn in a later chapter. A picture of a nucleotide is below

​EXIT TICKET: Answer the following questions on your whiteboards

1. What determines the 3D shape of a protein?
2. Why is a protein’s shape important?

3. Identify the levels of each of the protein structure below