Parts of Speech and Figurative Language

Parts of Speech

Objective

SWABT identify, use and analyze parts of speech and figurative language.

Take Away

As writers understanding parts of speech is a helpful way to look at words to help you understand the underlying grammar and logic of any language you study. Figurative language refers to the color we use to amplify our writing. It takes an ordinary statement and dresses it up in an evocative frock. It gently alludes to something without directly stating it. Figurative language is a way to engage your readers, guiding them through your writing with a more creative tone.

Parts of Speech

• Nouns & Verbs

• Pronouns

• Adverbs

• Adjectives

• Prepositions

• Conjunctions

• Articles & interjections

Nouns

• Send in the clowns.

• Brazil is beautiful this time of year.

• His love of music really shows

Common Noun

A common noun is a name for something which is common for many things, person, or places. It encompasses a particular type of things, person, or places.

Proper nouns

• A proper noun is the name given to something to make it more specific (e.g., Johnathan, Ollie, New York, Monday). ere they appear in a sentence. 

• Proper nouns are written with capital letters regardless of where they appear in a sentence.

•  Proper nouns contrast with common nouns, which are the words for something (e.g., boy, dog, city, day).

plural nouns

• A plural noun indicates that there is more than one of that noun 

• I saw three dogs at the park while on my run.

• I saw 1 black goose and 10 white geese.

Abstract nouns

• An abstract noun is a word for something that cannot be seen but is there. It has no physical existence. Generally, it refers to ideas, qualities, and conditions.

• Example: Truth, lies, happiness, sorrow, time, friendship, humor, patriotism, etc.

Concrete Nouns

A concrete noun is the exact opposite of abstract noun. It refers to the things we see and have physical existence.

Example: Chair, table, bat, ball, water, money, sugar, etc.

Collective nouns

A collective noun is a word or phrase that represents a group of people or things but is treated as a singular entity (Hint: a “collection” of people or things).

Example: Flock of birds, mob, gaggle, group, herd, pack

Countable Vs. Non-countable.

• Countable nouns can take an article: a, an, the.

  Example one chair two chairs

• The nouns that cannot be counted are called non-countable nouns. Example: water, oil

Multiple Choice

Which word is an example of a collective noun?

• person
• flock
• Jamie
• toad

Multiple Choice

Which word is an example of a proper noun?

• cat
• dog
• Meg
• person

Multiple Choice

Which word is an example of a common noun?

• Bryce
• Brian
• Boy
• Blake

Multiple Choice

Is the word in RED a proper noun or a common noun?
Old Faithful is a geyser in Yellowstone National Park.

• Proper Noun
• Common Noun

Multiple Choice

Which word below is a proper noun.

• city
• business
• Bellevue
• school

Multiple Choice

Is the noun in RED concrete or abstract?
The dog ran into the cave.

• Concrete
• Abstract

Multiple Choice

Is the noun in RED concrete or abstract?
The dog quickly ran to his owner.

• Concrete
• Abstract

Multiple Choice

What type of noun gives a general term for a person, place, or thing?

• concrete noun
• compound noun
• collective noun
• common noun

Multiple Choice

What type of noun signifies a group of something?

• common noun
• concrete noun
• collective noun
• compound noun

Multiple Choice

What is an abstract noun?

• Any noun that cannot be recognized through the senses.
• Any noun used to describe abstract art.
• Any noun that can be counted.
• Any noun that cannot be counted.

Multiple Choice

What is a concrete noun?

• Any noun that describes a type of building material.
• Any noun that describes a person, place, thing, or idea.
• Any noun that describes something harder than concrete.
• Any noun that can be recognized through any of the five senses.

Verbs

• Verbs are words that express action or state of being.

• 3 main types of verbs:

• Action verbs

• linking verbs

• helping verbs

action verbs

Action verbs are words that express action (give, eat, walk, etc.) or possession (have, own, etc.).

Linking Verbs

• Linking verbs are sometimes described as performing the function of an equal sign because they provide the connection between the subject of a sentence and a certain state. 

Helping verbs

• The main helping verbs are "to be," "to have," and "to do." They appear in the following forms:

Multiple Choice

Mrs. Hughes' husband mowed the lawn.

• action

• linking

• helping

Multiple Choice

Mrs. Hughes was frightened.

• action

• linking

• helping

Multiple Choice

Mrs. Hughes will work in the school for a hundred more years.

• action verb

• linking verb

• helping verb

Multiple Choice

Mrs. Hughes will work in the school for a hundred more years.

• action verb

• linking verb

• helping verb

Multiple Choice

Mrs. Hughes is beautiful.

• action verb

• linking verb

• helping verb

Pronouns

a word that can function by itself as a noun phrase and that refers either to the participants in the discourse (e.g., I, you ) or to someone or something mentioned elsewhere in the discourse (e.g., she, it, this ).

Multiple Choice

Susan and I paid for the meal but the waiter forgot to bring Susan and me the food.

• us

• ours

• our

• we

Multiple Choice

If you have your ticket, you can give your ticket to that man over there.

• you

• your

• they

• it

Multiple Choice

First my friend and I went shopping. Then, my friend and I went home.

• us

• she

• we

• they

Multiple Choice

John likes computer games. John doesn't, play computer games very often.

• Him / them

• He / it

• Hims / they

• He / them

Adjective

• a word or phrase naming an attribute, added to or grammatically related to a noun to modify or describe it.

Adverbs

a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc. (e.g., gently, quite, then, there ).

Multiple Choice

What is the adverb(s) in the following sentence?

Please move over, so we can all sit comfortably.

• over, comfortably

• over, move

• sit, comfortably

• move, sit

Multiple Choice

What question does the adverb in this sentence answer?
An unhappy customer complained loudly.

• when
• where
• to what extent
• in what way

Multiple Choice

What question does the adverb in this sentence answer?
An unhappy customer complained loudly.

• when
• where
• to what extent
• in what way

Multiple Choice

An adverb describes a/an...

• only verbs
• only adjectives
• verbs, adjectives and adverbs
• nouns

Multiple Choice

What are the adjectives in the sentence?
The two explorers ventured into unmapped territory. 

• two, unmapped
• the, two, unmapped
• explorers, territory
• ventured, territory

Multiple Choice

An adjective describes a...

• Verb

• Preposition

• Adverb

• Noun

Multiple Choice

An adjective describes a...

• Verb
• Preposition
• Adverb
• Noun

Preposition

• Shows relationships to other words

• Prepositions are typically followed by an object, which can be a noun (noon), a noun

Multiple Choice

They haven't done any work ............... three days.

• on

• since

• during

• for

Multiple Choice

Are the boys still swimming ............. the pool?

• at

• to

• in

• on

Multiple Choice

After ................ his work, Peter took a rest.

• to do

• he does

• doing

• had done

Multiple Choice

Quick! Get ............. the train. It's leaving.

• on

• in

• by

• off

Article

there are two different types of article, the definite article and the indefinite article. In the most simple terms an article is a way of letting the listener or speaker know that a noun is either unspecific or specific. The words which are used as articles are the, an and a.

Conjunction

A conjunction is a joiner, a word that connects (conjoins) parts of a sentence.

Interjections

an abrupt remark, made especially as an aside or interruption.

Multiple Choice

Name the conjunction in the sentence below.

He loves all wildlife, but he especially likes apes.

• he

• all

• apes

• but

Multiple Choice

Name the conjunction in the sentence below.

Monkeys have long tails, but apes have none.

• have

• long

• but

• none

Multiple Choice

Name the conjunction in the sentence below.

Do you know some of the differences between apes and monkeys?

• do

• of

• the

• and

Multiple Choice

Find the interjection in the following sentence.

Ouch, it's time to get back to that dictionary.

• Ouch

• time

• back

• dictionary

Multiple Choice

Find the interjection in the following sentence.

Phew, this dictionary is heavy.

• Phew

• this

• dictionary

• heavy

Multiple Choice

Find the interjection in the following sentence.

Ouch, it's time to get back to that dictionary.

• Ouch

• time

• back

• dictionary

Exit Ticket 3/1

Located in googlework

Multiple Choice

The word "Wow!" is an example of a(n)....

• Conjunction

• Interjection

• Adjective

Multiple Choice

The word "Wow!" is an example of a(n)....

• Conjunction

• Interjection

• Adjective

Multiple Choice

A word that connects other words in a sentence is considered a.....

• Noun

• Conjunction

• Interjection

Multiple Choice

What word typically modifies a verb and ends in -ly?

"Quickly" is an example of this part of speech....

• Adverb

• Adjective

• Noun

Multiple Choice

The mouse is under the house.

The word "under" is considered a(n)......

• Adverb

• Article

• Preposition

Multiple Choice

"Run" is an example of a.....

• Interjection

• Verb

• Adverb

Multiple Choice

What describes a noun?

• Pronoun

• Adverb

• Adjective

Multiple Choice

A person, place, thing, or idea is considered a.....

• Verb

• Adjective

• Noun

Multiple Choice

A person, place, thing, or idea is considered a.....

• Verb

• Adjective

• Noun