Patterns of the Sun and Moon
Presentation
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Science
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4th - 6th Grade
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Hard
Joseph Anderson
FREE Resource
28 Slides • 29 Questions
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Moon's Patterns / Study Guide
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Moon's Movement and Phases
Like the Earth, the Moon follows patterns and has observable differences depending on its position. From the Earth, the Moon's shape is not really changing. Instead, the Moon's changing appearance is determined by its position in relation to the Sun and the Earth and by how the Sun's light reflects off its surface.
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The Moon and the Earth both orbit the Sun. At the same time, the Moon is also revolving around the Earth and rotating on its own axis. it takes the Moon about one month to fully revolve around the Earth. As the Moon orbits the sun, half of its surface is always facing the Sun and receiving light. The amount of the Moon that can be seen from locations on the Earth at night depends on where the Moon is in its revolution around Earth.
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While the Earth's revolution is much longer than its rotation, the Moon's revolution and rotation take nearly the same amount of time. Because of this, the same side of the Moon always face the Earth. The other side of the Moon, known as the far side or dark side of the Moon, is never visible from the Earth.
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Unlike the Sun, the Moon does not create its own light. It merely reflects light from the Sun off of its surface. The Moon's different appearances in the sky are known as phases. These phases repeat about every month in what is known as the lunar cycle. It is important to note that during all of these phases, one half of the Moon is always illuminated by the Sun. However, the Moon's changing location in relation to the Earth and the Sun determines how much of the illuminated portion can be seen from the Earth.
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The lunar cycle begin with the new moon phase. Nights on the Earth are darkest during this phase because none of the light reflected off of the Moon is reflected toward the Earth, meaning that the Moon is not visible in the night sky.
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As the lunar cycle continues, the Moon appears to grow a bit larger in the sky each night, starting as a sliver known as a crescent moon. When the Moon's appearance is growing, it is referred to as waxing. Therefore, a growing crescent moon can also be called a waxing crescent.
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The first quarter moon occurs one-fourth of the way through the lunar cycle. At this time, half of the Moon's sunlit surface will be visible from the Earth. After the first quarter moon, the gibbous phase begins. A waxing gibbous occurs when more than half of the Moon's sunlit surface can be seen.
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The halfway point of the lunar cycle is the full moon. During this phase, the entire sunlit side of the Moon's surface is seen from the Earth. This is when the Moon appears largest in the night sky. After a full moon, the Moon's appearance will begin to shrink. This process is called waning. As the Moon continues to shrink it is called a waning gibbous because it is shrinking.
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When the Moon's sunlit surface is only halfway visible again, it has entered the third (last) quarter stage. After the third, or last, quarter, the Moon's appearance will continue to shrink into another crescent moon. Finally, it will disappear from sight again as it re-enters the new moon phase.
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What percent of the moon's surface can be seen during the moon phase shown in this diagram?
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What percent of the moon's surface can be seen during the moon phase shown in this diagram?
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What percent of the moon's surface can be seen during the moon phase shown in this diagram?
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At certain times, objects in space can align so that they cause shadows on each other's surfaces. When an object comes between two other objects and partially or fully blocks one of the objects from view, it is known as an eclipse. Two types of eclipses can be seen from the Earth's surface: solar and lunar. Eclipses can be full or partial. A full eclipse means that one object is completely blocked by the other, while a partial eclipse means that only part of an object is blocked by the other.
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During an eclipse, two sections of a shadow can also be observed: the umbra and the penumbra.
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A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth, casting the Moon's shadow onto the Earth's surface. During a solar eclipse, the umbra is the darkest part of the Moon's shadow. As seen in the diagram, this area is very small. Only people within the umbra on the Earth see a full solar eclipse. The larger and lighter part of the Moon's shadow is the penumbra. People within this area experience a partial solar eclipse.
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A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, casting the Earth's shadow onto the Moon's surface. Full lunar eclipses only occur during the full moon phase of the lunar cycle. The Earth's shadow also causes an umbra and a penumbra. People who are within the umbra will experience a full lunar eclipse, while people in the penumbra experience a partial lunar eclipse.
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Which moon phase is located in position 5 of the lunar cycle?
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Which moon phase is located in position 6 of the lunar cycle?
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Which moon phase is located in position 3 of the lunar cycle?
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Which moon phase is located in position 1 of the lunar cycle?
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Which moon phase is located in position 2 of the lunar cycle?
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Which moon phase is located in position 4 of the lunar cycle?
Moon's Patterns / Study Guide
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