Speciation and Natural Selection

Natural Selection, Artificial Selection, Speciation, Ecology

Mr. Jones

Open Ended

Explain how descent with modification, common descent, and natural selection are related.

Open Ended

Why does genetic drift have a greater effect on smaller populations than larger ones?

Open Ended

Explain how the environment influences natural selection.

Open Ended

Explain how the birds became different species.

Open Ended

Explain how isolation can lead to the evolution of new species. Give an example.

Multiple Choice

The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment is:

• Ecology

• Microbiology

• Biology

• Evolution

Multiple Choice

The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution

• artificial selection

• speciation

• breeding

• non-random mating

Multiple Choice

When members of the SAME species interact with one another they form a

• population

• community

• organism

• ecosystem

Multiple Choice

The endangered seabird the marbled murrelet, in California, is dependent upon Sequoia forests and trees for survival. What might happen to the marbled murrelet population if the sequoia population went extinct?

• the population of marbled murrelet would remain the same

• the population of marbled murrelet would increase

• The marbled murrelet would go extinct

• the marbled murrelet would be placed on the threatened species list

Multiple Choice

All living things in a given area, living and non-living.

• Ecosystem

• Biotic

• Community

• Species

Multiple Choice

The rabbits and squirrels in an area are a part of the same

• population

• community

Multiple Choice

Whether a fossil formed before or after another fossil is described by its

• relative age

• absolute age

• fossil record

• radioactive age

Multiple Choice

Groups of rabbits that live in the same area make up a

• species

• population

Multiple Choice

Which of the following has the levels of organization in order from smallest to largest?

• Biosphere, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Species, Organism

• Organism, Species, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere

• Organism, Species, Community, Population, Ecosystem, Biosphere

• Biosphere, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism, Species

Multiple Choice

A slight change in a rabbit's ability to hear its predators better and help it survive is

• an adaptation.

• an acquired trait.

• a vestigial structure.

• an isolation.

Multiple Choice

The non-living parts of the environment such as rocks, air, temperature, sunlight, and water

• Abiotic

• Biotic

• Habitat

• Community

Multiple Choice

The living or once living organisms in an ecosystem

• Biology

• Abiotic

• Biotic

• Ecology

Multiple Choice

If a scientist in New Zealand was studying how a group of herbivores interacted with a group of omnivores, and all of their abiotic surroundings, what level of ecology would she be studying?

• Community

• Population

• Species

• Ecosystem

• Biome

Multiple Choice

Which of the following scenario best describes an ecosystem?

• A pack of wolves that live in the same area

• A single protist

• Rabbits hopping around trees burrowing through soil

• Birds, mice, and trees inhabiting the same area

Vocabulary

• Biotic vs Abiotic

• Population

• Community

• Ecosystem

• Autotroph vs Heterotroph

• Habitat vs Niche

Multiple Select

Below is a list of factors in an ecosystem. Select all the abiotic factors.

• Shelter

• Water

• Protists

• Sunlight

• Prokaryotes

Multiple Choice

The most important abiotic factors when studying biomes are...

• Food and Water

• Water and Sunlight

• Temperature and Oxygen

• Water and Temperature

Multiple Choice

Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?

• Because organisms with those traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

• Because they come from recessive alleles.

• Because they come from dominant alleles.

• Because the trait is an acquired (learned) phenotype.

Multiple Choice

Which biome is characterized by low temperatures and low amounts of rainfall?

• tundra

• desert

• temperate deciduous forest

• tropical rain forest

Multiple Choice

Which biome, because of its climate, has the largest number of species of plants and animals?

• tundra
• desert
• tropical rainforest
• pine forest

Multiple Choice

Predict which moth would increase in population

• light

• dark

Multiple Choice

What can happen to a species over time if most of the organisms have an advantage, for example, good camouflage?

• The population would increase.

• The population would decrease.

• The population may become extinct.

Predator-Prey Relationship

• A predator is an organism that eats another organism.

• The prey is the organism which the predator eats.

• Predator and prey often coevolve together.

Multiple Choice

An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism

• Predator

• Prey

• Competition

• Adaptation

Multiple Choice

Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed on to future generations?

• Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.

• Because they come from recessive alleles.

• Because they come from dominant alleles.

Multiple Choice

What ecological relationship is depicted between Pumba (warthog) and the bugs?

• Competition, because pumba is in competition with the bugs for food sources

• Mutualistic, because Pumba and the bugs benefit each other

• Predator-Prey, because Pumba is a predator that consumes bug as prey

Multiple Choice

Why did the populations of peppered moths in England change from light to dark after the Industrial Revolution?

• Light moths were easy to see against sooty trees and were eaten.

• The birds that ate the dark moths were killed by soot.

• Dark moths were produced by industrial processes.

• Light moths were killed by soot.

Multiple Choice

The pearlfish receives protection from predators by living inside a sea cucumber. The sea cucumber is not affected during this interaction. This ecological relationship is known as -

• predator-prey because the pearlfish is prey to the sea cucumber

• mutualism because only the pearlfish benefits in this ecological relationship

• parasitism because the pearlfish causes harm to the host sea cucumber

• commensalism because only the pearlfish benefits while the sea cucumber is not affected

• competition because the sea cucumber and pearlfish often fight for living space

Multiple Choice

A pair of red, male kangaroos are seen fighting over a potential mate. The ecological relationship between the two male kangaroos shown is -

• Commensalism

• Mutualism

• Predator-Prey

• Competition

Multiple Choice

Read the following scenario and determine which ecological relationship is depicted -

Mistle toe plants are common house decorations around the holidays. Mistle toes are plants that attach themselves to hosts such as a tree. Once attached, the mistletoes begin to tap into the vascular system of trees and draws out vital nutrients and water from the host tree. The host tree is harmed over time and may result in stunted growth.

• Predator-Prey

• Parasitism

• Commensalism

• Mutualism

Multiple Choice

A feeder fish usually follows behind sharks to pick up food scraps that they leave behind. The fish gets food and the shark is unaffected. This is an example of:

• Mutualism

• Commensalism

• Parasitism

• Decomposition

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is true about competition?

• Controls population size

• Ensures everyone eats

• Keeps everyone happy

• Is only between 2 men

Multiple Choice

______________ occurs when more than one individual or population tries to use the same limited resource.

• Niche

• Predator-prey

• Availability

• Competition

Multiple Choice

A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.

• mutualism

• parisitism

• symbiosis

• commensalism

Multiple Choice

True or False. In this energy pyramid, the consumers on each level only get about 10 percent of energy that the trophic level before it has stored.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What makes an energy pyramid different than a food web or chain?

• It shows energy flowing from the top of the chain and downward.

• The tropic levels are the opposite

• It shows the amount of energy in each trophic level

• It shows specific predator/prey relationships

Food Webs

• Be able to take organisms and construct an accurate food web

• Be able to accurately show the flow of energy throughout an ecosystem

Multiple Choice

What do the arrows in the food chain indicate about the flow of energy in an ecosystem?

• Energy is continuously recycled by the organisms in an ecosystem.

• Energy flows in one direction in an ecosystem, from producers to consumers.

• More of the available energy in an ecosystem is given to large animals than to small animals.

• Organisms at the end of the food chain receive more energy than those at the beginning.

Multiple Choice

How do consumers get their energy?

• laying in the sun

• eating other organisms

• providing food for other organisms

• surviving in an ecosystem

Multiple Choice

What might happen if you remove a primary consumer from the ecosystem?

• There would be more food for secondary consumers.

• The number of primary consumers would increase.

• The number of plants would increase.

• The number of secondary consumers would increase.

Multiple Choice

In this energy pyramid, what is the proper name for ANY ORGANISM ABOVE THE PRODUCER LEVEL?

• decomposers

• consumers

• producers

• omnivores

Carrying Capacity and Limiting Factors

• Carrying capacity (K) - the maximum population size that can be supported in a particular area without destroying the habitat.

• Limiting factors - resources or other factors in the environment that can lower the population growth rate. They determine the carrying capacity of a population.

Multiple Choice

What happens if a population grows past its carrying capacity?

• The population keeps growing

• The population starts to die off

• The entire species will go extinct

• The carrying capacity just increases