Unit 8 | Protein Synthesis - Transcription & Translation

Multiple Choice

What is the main purpose of transcription in protein synthesis?

• Copy mRNA into DNA

• Deliver amino acids to ribosomes

• Copy a gene from DNA into mRNA

• Cut DNA into small fragments

Open Ended

Name one structural difference between DNA and RNA.

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the DNA region where RNA polymerase first binds to start transcription?

• Intron

• Promoter

• Exon

• Codon

Multiple Choice

During elongation in transcription, which enzyme adds RNA nucleotides to the growing strand?

• RNA Polymerase

• Ligase

• DNA Polymerase

Multiple Choice

What signals RNA polymerase to stop adding bases during transcription?

• 
  A terminator sequence

• The start site

• A ribosome

• A stop codon

Multiple Choice

What is the end result of translation?

• A copied strand of DNA

• An mRNA sequence

• A ribosome

• A protein (polypeptide chain)

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

• DNA

Multiple Choice

Which codon signals the start of translation?

• AUG

• UAG

• UAA

• ACG

Multiple Choice

What happens when a new tRNA brings in an amino acid?
a)

• The ribosome stops

• The mRNA detaches

• The tRNA stays attached permanently

• It joins the growing chain

Multiple Choice

What happens when a stop codon is reached?

• The amino acid chain is released

• Translation restarts

• A mutation is added

• The ribosome forms more mRNA

Fill in the Blanks

Match

Match the following

• A base is inserted or deleted, changing the entire reading frame

• A base is changed, but it still codes for the same amino acid

• A point mutation results in a premature stop codon

• A point mutation changes one amino acid to a different one

Frameshift Mutation

Silent Mutation

Nonsense Mutation

Missense Mutation

• Frameshift Mutation

• Silent Mutation

• Nonsense Mutation

• Missense Mutation

Resources

• Transcription Read: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/gene-expression-and-regulation/transcription-and-rna-processing/a/overview-of-transcription​

• Protein Synthesis (transcription + translation) Video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gG7uCskUOrA​

• Amoeba Sisters Protein Synthesis Video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oefAI2x2CQM​

• Amoeba Sisters: Codon Chart Reading:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsEYgwuP6ko​

• Translation Read: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/gene-expression-and-regulation/translation/a/translation-overview​

• Protein Synthesis: Protein Synthesis Animation Video - YouTube​