Psychological Methods

Multiple Choice

What are the five basic steps in scientific research?

• Question, Data, Hypothesis, Review, Conclusion
• Theory, Experiment, Observation, Analysis, Conclusion
• Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Conclusion
• Data Collection, Analysis, Reporting, Review, Publication

Reorder

Put the steps in the correct order

• Question

• Hypothesis

• Experiment

• Results

• Conclusion

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

What happens if the conclusions of an experiment do not support a hypothesis?

• The hypothesis is accepted

• The hypothesis is rejected or revised

• The experiment is repeated

• The results are ignored

Multiple Choice

Which of the following methods are used to test hypotheses?

• Survey method

• Observational method

• Experimental method

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Studies are replicated to see if it produces...

• the same results under different circumstances

• the same results with different set of participants

• the same results with different types of participants

• all of theses are correct

Multiple Choice

Why is it important to replicate studies in psychology?

• To confirm findings

• To save time

• To avoid new research

• To change the hypothesis

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes a hypothesis?

• educated guess

• random guess

• proven fact

• unrelated assumption

Multiple Choice

Explain the role of a hypothesis in scientific research.

• A hypothesis is a testable prediction that guides scientific research.
• A hypothesis is a definitive conclusion drawn from data.
• A hypothesis is an untestable statement about the future.
• A hypothesis is a summary of existing research findings.

Multiple Choice

What do psychologists do after they analyze their research observations?

• draw conclusions

• ignore the data

• start a new study

• change the hypothesis

Multiple Choice

What do scientists need in order to support a theory?

• Hypotheses

• Opinions

• Evidence

• Assumptions

Multiple Choice

What is the survey method?

• A method of collecting data by observing people

• A method of collecting data by asking people directly

• A method of collecting data by analyzing documents

• A method of collecting data by using experiments

Multiple Select

What challenges might arise from using surveys to gather information?

• Bias

• Low response rates

• Immediate feedback from participants
• Misunderstanding questions

Multiple Choice

What are the two survey methods mentioned in the image to learn about classmates' favorite television shows?

• Interview and anonymous submission

• Observation and interview

• Questionnaire and focus group

• Experiment and observation

Multiple Select

Why must researchers be careful in generalizing results?

• To avoid volunteer bias

• To ensure accuracy

• To prevent misleading conclusions

• To save time

Fill in the Blanks

What is the term for a predisposition to a certain point of view, despite what the facts may suggest?

Multiple Choice

How do psychologists select samples?

• Randomly select any group

• Choose based on convenience

• Select a group that represents the target population

• Pick the largest available group

Multiple Choice

Why is it important for a sample to be as similar as possible to the target population?

• To ensure accurate representation

• To reduce the cost of the study

• To make the study easier to conduct

• To increase the sample size

Multiple Choice

What is a stratified sample and why is it used in research?

• A stratified sample is a random selection from the entire population to get the most accurate possible results.

• A stratified sample involves sampling only the largest subgroup in a population providing the most data.

• A stratified sample is used to eliminate bias by selecting only one subgroup.
• A stratified sample involves dividing a population into subgroups and sampling from each to ensure representation.

Multiple Choice

How can volunteer bias affect the results of a study?

• Volunteer bias only affects qualitative studies.
• Volunteer bias ensures a diverse sample in research.
• Volunteer bias can lead to unrepresentative samples and affect the reliability of study results.

• Volunteer bias is a method to improve study accuracy.

Multiple Choice

_______________________ observation takes place in a specific area set aside for

observation and research.

• Field observation
• Naturalistic observation

• Remote observation
• Laboratory observation

Fill in the Blanks

In the

method of research, researchers select a group of

participants and then observe them over a period of time.

Multiple Choice

The _______________________ method of research involves observing a sample of

individuals of different ages.

• case study
• cross-sectional
• longitudinal
• experimental

Multiple Choice

_______________________ observation involves observing people in their normal

lives, such as at home or at school.

• Survey observation
• Participant observation
• Controlled observation
• Naturalistic observation

Fill in the Blanks

is a measure of how closely one thing is related to another.

Multiple Choice

A relationship in which two factors rise together is known as a

• inverse correlation
• independent relationship
• positive correlation
• negative correlation

Multiple Choice

What is the correlation between weight and exercize depicted in the graph?

• There is a negative correlation between weight and exercise.
• Weight increases with more exercise.
• There is no correlation between weight and exercise.
• There is a positive correlation between weight and exercise.

Multiple Choice

An element of an experiment that can change.

• Constant
• Control
• Variable
• Parameter

Multiple Choice

A substance or treatment that has no effect apart from a person’s belief in it.

• Experiment

• Antibiotic
• Vaccine
• Placebo

Multiple Select

Who is aware of the treatment or lack of treatment the participants are receiving in a SINGLE BLIND experiment?

• Researcher

• Participants

• Eperiment Organizer

• None of the above

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Who is aware of the treatment or lack of treatment the participants are receiving in a DOUBLE BLIND experiment?

• Researcher

• Participants

• Eperiment Organizer

• None of the above

• All of the above

Math Response

What score represents the mean in the curve above?

Type answer here

Correct Answer: 0

Deg^°

Rad

Multiple Choice

What is the Hawthorne effect?

• The Hawthorne effect is the alteration of behavior by study subjects due to their awareness of being observed.
• The Hawthorne effect is a method of data collection in qualitative research.
• The Hawthorne effect refers to the impact of environmental changes on productivity.
• The Hawthorne effect is a psychological phenomenon that occurs only in children.

Multiple Choice

What flaws did the Hawthorne study have, and how did these flaws affect the study’s outcome?

• The study had a large sample size and clear control groups.
• The flaws included extensive data analysis and no observer bias.
• The study was conducted over a short period with precise measurements.
• The flaws included lack of control groups, small sample sizes, and observer effect.

Open Ended

What are two further steps involved in scientific research?