Holt Ch 21 ppt

Open Ended

Describe the steps you would take to ensure a nuclear equation is balanced, and explain why this is important.

Open Ended

What might be some potential benefits or challenges of using deuterium from sea water as an energy source?

Multiple Choice

Why are nuclear reactions considered to be more significant in terms of energy changes compared to chemical reactions?

• Because nuclear reactions involve changes in the nucleus, releasing much more energy

• Because chemical reactions are slower

• Because nuclear reactions use more reactants

• Because chemical reactions require higher temperatures

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the term 'nuclide'?

• An atom identified by the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus

• A particle found outside the nucleus

• A molecule formed by chemical bonding

• A type of radioactive decay

Fill in the Blanks

The energy released when a nucleus is formed from nucleons is called

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about mass defect is/are correct?

• It is the difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons, and electrons.

• It is always a positive value for stable nuclei.

• It can be converted to energy using E=mc^2.

• It is the same as atomic number.

Open Ended

Explain the relationship between mass defect and nuclear binding energy, and how Einstein’s equation relates to these concepts.

Open Ended

Calculate the energy equivalent (in joules) of a mass defect of 0.030 377 amu using Einstein’s equation. Show your steps.

Multiple Choice

Which element has the highest binding energy per nucleon according to the graph shown?

• Iron (Fe)

• Helium (He)

• Uranium (U)

• Hydrogen (H)

Fill in the Blanks

The numbers of nucleons that represent completed nuclear energy levels are called

numbers.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about nuclear stability are correct?

• Stable nuclei tend to have even numbers of nucleons.

• The band of stability can be explained by the relationship between nuclear force and electrostatic forces.

• Magic numbers refer to numbers of nucleons that complete nuclear energy levels.

• Stable nuclei always have a neutron-proton ratio of 1:1.

Multiple Choice

What is a transmutation in nuclear chemistry?

• A change in the identity of a nucleus due to a change in the number of protons

• A reaction that only affects electrons

• A process that increases the atomic mass

• A type of chemical reaction

Open Ended

Explain how the emission of a beta particle and a positron affect the atomic number and mass number of a nucleus.

Multiple Choice

Which type of nuclear reaction decreases the mass number by four and the atomic number by two?

• Alpha particle emission

• Beta particle emission

• Positron emission

• Electron capture

Fill in the Blanks

Identify the product that balances the following nuclear reaction: 212/84 Po → 4/2 He +

Open Ended

Why must the total mass number and atomic number be equal on both sides of a nuclear equation?

Open Ended

Discuss the significance of artificial radioactive nuclides and how they are produced.

Fill in the Blanks

The term used to describe the time required for half the nuclei in a radioactive sample to decay is

.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about nuclear radiation are correct?

• It consists of particles or electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay.

• It only occurs in stable nuclei.

• It is responsible for the transformation of elements during radioactive decay.

• It is always visible to the naked eye.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes a radioactive nuclide?

• A stable nucleus that does not undergo decay

• A nucleus that emits only electromagnetic radiation

• An unstable nucleus that undergoes radioactive decay

• A nucleus with atomic number less than 83

Open Ended

Explain the difference between alpha emission and beta emission in radioactive decay, including the changes that occur in the nucleus during each process.

Fill in the Blanks

A particle that has the same mass as an electron but a positive charge is called a

.

Multiple Choice

During electron capture, what happens to the atomic number and mass number of the atom?

• Atomic number increases by one, mass number stays the same

• Atomic number decreases by one, mass number stays the same

• Atomic number stays the same, mass number increases by one

• Atomic number decreases by one, mass number decreases by one

Open Ended

Nuclear reactions result in much larger energy changes than chemical reactions. What is one real-world application where this difference is especially important?

Open Ended

Reflecting on what you have learned about nuclear reactions and their energy changes, what is one question you still have or something you would like to know more about?