Immune system

Multiple Choice

Why is immunocompetence important for maintaining overall health in the human body?

• Immunocompetence is only relevant for older adults.
• Immunocompetence has no effect on chronic diseases.
• Immunocompetence is solely about mental health.
• Immunocompetence is important for protecting against infections and maintaining overall health.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following organs is NOT considered a primary or secondary lymphoid tissue in the immune system?

• Thymus

• Bone marrow

• Liver

• Spleen

Multiple Choice

Which cells are considered nonspecific defense in the immune system?

• T cells

• Natural killer cells

• B cells

• Plasma cells

Multiple Choice

Explain how the immune system differentiates between self and foreign molecules and why this is important.

• Self and foreign molecules are differentiated by their color and shape.
• The immune system only recognizes foreign molecules through inflammation.
• The immune system does not differentiate; it attacks all molecules equally.
• The immune system differentiates between self and foreign molecules through self-tolerance and recognition of antigens, which is important to prevent autoimmune diseases.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are types of immune system malfunctions?

• Hyperactive responses

• Immunodeficiency disorders

• Autoimmune disorders

• Allergic reactions

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a function of the immune system?

• Assists body in maintaining its functional integrity

• Battles infection by bacteria, fungi, and parasites

• Produces digestive enzymes for food breakdown

• Protects the host from environmental agents

Multiple Choice

What is the main function of B cells in the immune system?

• To destroy infected cells directly

• To produce immunoglobulins that recognize foreign proteins

• To engulf pathogens

• To activate the complement system

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the role of the antigen-antibody complex in immunity?

• It inactivates the pathogen and stimulates phagocytosis

• It produces antibodies directly

• It destroys red blood cells

• It activates only B-cells

Multiple Choice

Explain the difference between active and passive immunity, providing an example of each.

• Active immunity occurs only in infants, while passive immunity is for adults.
• Active immunity is when a person receives a blood transfusion.
• Passive immunity is when a vaccine is administered to stimulate the immune system.
• Active immunity example: Vaccination against measles, where the body generates its own immune response. Passive immunity example: Receiving antibodies through breast milk from a mother to her infant.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are types of passive immunity?

• Receiving maternal antibodies through placenta or breast milk

• Receiving a vaccination and producing memory cells

• Contracting a disease and producing memory cells

• Receiving antiserum with antibodies from another host

Open Ended

Describe how AIDS affects the immune system and list two common symptoms experienced by patients.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are common conditions or infections in people with AIDS?

• Kaposi sarcoma and lymphoma

• Tetanus

• Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

• Neurologic complications

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the primary mode of transmission for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS?

• Sexual contact

• Airborne droplets

• Casual contact

• Contaminated food

Multiple Choice

Which organs or systems are commonly affected by AIDS, as shown in the diagram?

• Central nervous system, lungs, skin, lymph nodes

• Heart, pancreas, bones, eyes

• Kidneys, liver, spleen, muscles

• Stomach, bladder, ears, nose

Multiple Choice

Describe the oral manifestation seen in AIDS patients as shown in the image. What is its clinical significance?

• Oral herpes simplex lesions
• Periodontal disease
• Oral squamous cell carcinoma
• Oral candidiasis (thrush) in AIDS patients

Multiple Choice

Explain why it is important for healthcare practitioners to follow infection control protocols when treating patients with AIDS. Use information from the slides to support your answer.

• It is important for healthcare practitioners to follow infection control protocols when treating patients with AIDS to prevent the transmission of HIV and ensure the safety of both patients and providers.
• Following infection control protocols is optional for patients with AIDS.
• Healthcare practitioners can ignore protocols if they are vaccinated against HIV.
• Infection control protocols are only necessary for patients with visible symptoms.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are recommended infection control and universal precautions for healthcare practitioners when dealing with AIDS patients?

• Wash hands frequently

• Wear personal protective equipment

• Dispose of contaminated sharps properly

• Use unsterilized mouthpieces

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes an autoimmune disease?

• A disease where abnormal autoantibodies bind to the body's own tissues

• A disease caused by bacteria attacking the body

• A disease where the immune system ignores foreign invaders

• A disease that only affects the skin

Multiple Choice

Explain how genetic factors and immune system activity contribute to the development and treatment of connective tissue diseases.

• Genetic factors predispose individuals to connective tissue diseases by influencing immune responses, while immune system activity contributes to disease progression and treatment strategies.
• Genetic factors have no impact on connective tissue diseases.
• Connective tissue diseases are solely caused by environmental factors.
• Immune system activity is irrelevant to treatment strategies.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about connective tissue diseases are correct?

• They are autoimmune disorders

• They involve the immune system attacking collagen

• Genetic factors may play a role

• They are always caused by infections

Multiple Choice

Which symptom is most characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

• Butterfly rash across the face

• Chronic cough

• Hair loss

• Frequent headaches

Multiple Choice

Which of the following medications is commonly used to control skin involvement and arthralgia in SLE?

• Antimalarial agents

• Antibiotics

• Antifungal drugs

• Antiviral drugs

Multiple Choice

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

• A type of cancer affecting the blood cells.
• A genetic disorder affecting the skin.
• A type of bacterial infection in the lungs.
• Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation of the joints.
• A viral infection that causes joint pain.

Multiple Choice

Common signs/symptoms of multiple sclerosis

• Skin rashes and allergies
• Common signs/symptoms of multiple sclerosis include fatigue, difficulty walking, numbness or tingling, muscle weakness, vision problems, and coordination issues.
• Frequent colds and infections
• Severe headaches and migraines

Multiple Choice

Common signs/symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis

• Numbness in limbs
• Severe headaches
• Persistent cough
• Common signs/symptoms include drooping eyelids, double vision, difficulty swallowing, and muscle weakness.

Multiple Choice

Reflecting on what you have learned about the immune system, how do the different anatomical components work together to maintain immunocompetence?

• The immune system relies solely on antibodies to fight infections.
• The anatomical components of the immune system work together to produce, mature, and activate immune cells, ensuring a coordinated response to pathogens.
• The immune system functions independently of the circulatory system.
• Anatomical components of the immune system do not interact with each other.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are considered primary lymphoid tissues in the immune system?

• Thymus and bone marrow

• Tonsils and adenoids

• Spleen and appendix

• Peyer patches and spleen