Module 2 Review (Macro-Water-Enzymes)

​Chemistry of Biology

By Gasmine Jean-Baptiste

Macromolecules

Sheltered Biology

Multiple Choice

Which major macromolecule is being represented in this image? 

• carbohydrate

• lipid

• protein

• nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule is shown?

• lipid

• protein

• nucleic acid

• carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule is being represented in the image?

• nucleic Acid

• lipid

• carbohydrate

• protein

Multiple Select

Which elements can be found in proteins?

• C

• H

• N

• P

• O

Multiple Choice

What makes the carbohydrate different from the lipid?

• The shape (carbohydrate contain a ring whereas lipids are long chains)

• The type of atoms

• The size of the molecule

• They don't have any difference

Multiple Choice

Which elements (atoms) are found in ALL the macromolecules?

• Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

• Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus

• Carbon and Hydrogen

• Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

Enzymes

Biological Catalysts

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions (Catalysts)

• Activation energy is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

• The less activation energy needed (smaller hill to climb) the faster the reaction will happen

• Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy

Multiple Choice

Enzymes are...

• nucleic acids
• proteins
• lipids
• carbohydrates

Multiple Choice

Enzymes are SPECIFIC. This means that an enzyme only works with molecules that are....

• the right size and shape

• broken down already

• present in water

• too big for the body to handle

Multiple Choice

Any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme is called a(n)?

• Coenzyme
• Substrate
• Vitamin
• Polypeptide

Multiple Choice

What will most likely happen if an appropriate enzyme is added to a chemical reaction? 

• The reaction rate will increase.
• The equilibrium of the reaction will be maintained. 
• The reaction rate will decrease.
• The reaction will stop. 

Multiple Choice

The graph shows how enzymes affect reactions in cells. Which statement best summarizes the information shown in the graph?

• Enzymes increase the energy of the reactants.
• Enzymes decrease the energy level of the products.
• Enzyme decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
• Enzymes reverse the direction of the reaction.

Multiple Choice

What can we conclude from the graph? At a a pH of 3..

• Enzyme A works best

• Enzyme B works best

• Enzyme A works but low activity

• Enzyme B works but low activity

Multiple Choice

Which enzyme is most efficient in a basic solution?

• A
• B

Multiple Choice

This graph shows...

• The rate of reaction decreases with substrate concentration.
• The rate of reaction remains constant regardless of substrate concentration.
• The rate of reaction increases with substrate concentration until it levels off.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?

• The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
  
• The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
  
• The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
  
• The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
  

Denaturation = to lose shape

• Structure (shape) = function

• If enzymes lose their shape they no longer function correctly

• Lower enzyme function = slower reaction rates

• Factors that can affect shape & function of enzymes: Temperature, pH, salinity (ion concentration)

Multiple Choice

What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?

• The enzymes die.
• The shapes of the enzyme are altered denature
• The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes.
• The enzymes remain the same

Multiple Choice

The oxygen atom in water is slightly ____.

• negative

• positive

Multiple Choice

The reason water sticks to your skin is ___.

• adhesion

• cohesion

Multiple Choice

The reason there are trillions of water molecules in a droplet is because of ___.

• adhesion

• cohesion

Multiple Choice

Water's high boiling point is due to ___.

• hydrogen bonds

• it's polarity

• being nonpolar

Multiple Select

A high specific heat means water ____. (select all that are true)

• takes a long time to change temperature.

• takes a lot of heat to increase temperature.

• holds a lot of heat.

• is good at regulating Earth's temperature.

Multiple Choice

Because solid water is less dense than liquid water, ___ floats.

• solid water (ice)

• liquid water

Multiple Choice

What kind of molecule is water?

• Ionic

• Polar Covalent

• Nonpolar Covalent

• Metallic

Multiple Choice

You body sweats to help prevent you from overheating. How does water regulate temperature?

• it lets heat pass through it

• it absorbs a lot of heat, then decreases in temperature

• it absorbs a lot of heat, but only increases a little in temperature

• heat is afraid of water and avoids it

Multiple Choice

A water strider can skate along the top of a pond because:

• covalent bonds result in water cohesion (surface tension)

• hydrogen bonds result in water cohesion (surface tension)

• water striders have adapted to take advantage of water cohesion

• water striders are afraid of water and avoid it

Multiple Choice

Water is a universal solvent because it...

• It can be found anywhere
• It freezes when it gets cold
• floats when frozen
• Dissolves most substances

Multiple Choice

Blood functions as a transport mechanism to take nutrients and oxygen to all cells in the body. What property of water allows for this to occur?

• Expansion Upon Freezing

• Universal Solvent

• Cohesive Behavior

• Ability to Moderate Temperature