7.PS.1-2 Measuring Properties of Matter

TN ​7.PS1-2-Measuring Physical & Chemical Properties

By Jessica Freeman

​https://youtu.be/NtbZ6w1j62w?si=le_UEj03mz_dSB4O

Multiple Choice

Matter is anything that –

• does not take up space.

• changes color.

• has mass and takes up space.

• floats in water.

Multiple Choice

If the mass of a rock is greater than the mass of a cotton ball, the rock has –

• less matter

• more matter

• less volume

• more volume

Multiple Choice

A student wants to collect 20 milliliters (mL) of water from a forest stream so she can observe the tiny organisms that live in the water. Which would be the best tool for measuring exactly 20 mL of water?

Multiple Choice

The texture of a dog’s fur describes how it –

• smells

• feels

• looks

• tastes

Multiple Choice

A balance would be the best tool for measuring which of the following?

• the texture of soil

• the length of a stick

• the mass of a rock

• the color of a leaf

Temperature is a really cool way to describe how hot or cold something is. To measure temperature, scientists use a special tool called a thermometer. Think about when you feel really warm on a sunny day or really cold when you play in the snow. That feeling is all about temperature! Temperature can tell us a lot about the world around us.
R.C.-Complete the following terms below.

Definition of Temperature:

Measuring Temperature tool:

Multiple Choice

Imagine we have two things: a cup of hot chocolate and a cold popsicle. Which one do you think is hotter? To find out, we can use a thermometer. The thermometer will show us different numbers – higher numbers for hot things like the hot chocolate, and lower numbers for cold things like the popsicle. Measuring temperature is a fun way to learn more about the things we interact with every day.

• The popsicle is hotter.
• Both are the same temperature.
• The hot chocolate is cold.
• The hot chocolate is hotter.

Now, let's talk about mass. Mass is a way to tell how much stuff is in something. It's a bit like how heavy a rock is, or how light a feather is. To measure mass, scientists use a tool called a scale. Mass is an important property because it tells us about the amount of material in an object, whether it's big or small, heavy or light.

R.C.-Complete the following terms below.

Definition of Mass:

Measuring Mass:

Open Ended

Let's try an experiment with a book and an apple. Which one do you think is heavier? To find out, we can use a scale. The scale will show us different numbers – bigger numbers for heavier things like the college book, and smaller numbers for lighter things like the apple. Remember, even if you go to the moon, the mass of these objects won't change!

Multiple Choice

What is mass?

• is anything that has mass and takes up space

• is the amount of matter in an object

• describes the surface of any area made up of matter

• is the amount of space matter takes up

Multiple Choice

What is volume?

• is anything that has mass and takes up space

• is the amount of matter in an object

• describes the surface of any area made up of matter

• is the amount of space matter takes up

Multiple Choice

What is matter?

• is anything that has mass and takes up space

• is the amount of matter in an object

• describes the surface of any area made up of matter

• is the amount of space matter takes up

Multiple Choice

What is texture?

• is anything that has mass and takes up space

• is the amount of matter in an object

• describes the surface of any area made up of matter

• is the amount of space matter takes up

Multiple Choice

The amount of space an object takes up is called

• mass

• volume

• weight

Multiple Choice

Properties of Matter

Soft is an example of ____________.

• hardness

• color and shape

• size

• texture

Multiple Choice

Properties of Matter

Round and brown is an example of ____________.

• hardness

• color and shape

• size

• texture

Multiple Choice

Properties of Matter

Rough is an example of ____________.

• hardness

• color and shape

• size

• texture

Multiple Choice

Properties of Matter

Humongous is an example of ____________.

• hardness

• color and shape

• size

• texture

Multiple Select

Measuring Mass

What tool can we use to measure the mass of a solid?

• graduated cylinder

• balance

• wrench

• beaker

Multiple Select

Measuring Volume

What tools can we use to measure the volume of an irregular shape?

• graduated cylinder

• balance

• scale

• beaker

Fill in the Blank

Mass measures the amount of _ in an object.

• Matter is not CREATED or DESTROYED

  ​

• Matter can only be changed, chemically or physically.​

​

The Law of Conservation of Mass

​

​This is an ATOM - matter is made of atoms.

Because matter never appears or disappears ...

​MASS STAYS THE SAME

When matter goes through physical or chemical changes, the mass always stays the same.

​

For example, a snowman has 25 kilograms of mass.​ When the snowman melts, the puddle of water still has 25 kilograms of mass.

Multiple Choice

If an ice cube melts, does the mass of that object change?

• No

• Yes

Multiple Choice

If each Lego has a mass of 3 grams, what is the mass of the tower when they are stuck together?

• 21 grams

• 21 kilograms

• 7 grams

• 14 grams

​Mass

Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
Measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg).
Mass does NOT change with gravity.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is used to measure mass?

• Ruler

• Thermometer

• Triple Beam Balance

• Stopwatch

​Volume

Volume is the amount of space matter occupies.
Measured in milliliters (mL) for liquids and cubic centimeters (cm³) for solids.

Multiple Choice

What is the volume of a box that is 2 cm long, 3 cm wide, and 4 cm high?

Length X Width X Height= Volume

• 12 cm³

• 18 cm³

• 24 cm³

• 9 cm³

Volume

Volume is defined as the amount of space an object takes up. Because matter takes so many different forms, volume can be measured many different ways.

Multiple Choice

The amount of space an object takes up is called

• mass

• weight

• volume

Cube or Rectangle

To measure the volume of a cubed or rectangular shaped solid all you need is a ruler. Measure the length, width, and height of the object and then multiple the three numbers together.

Volume = length x width x height

Example

Take a look at the orange cube on the right. Notice that the length is 6 cm, the width is 4 cm and the height is 7 cm. So if you multiple those three numbers together you get 168 cm³.

Practice

Now you try calculating the volume of the cube on the right.

Fill in the Blank

What is the volume of the pink cube? Remember to use the correct unit of measure!!

Open Ended

How do you measure liquid volume using a Graduated Cylinder?

Graduated Cylinder

Graduated cylinders are the tools used to measure liquid volume. Graduated cylinders are tall, thin tubes with evenly spaced measurements labeled up the side. The measurements are in milliliters (mL). You might be familiar with 2-liter bottles of soda. One liter is equal to 1,000 mL, so a 2-liter bottle of soda has 2,000 mL!

Meniscus

When a liquid is poured into a graduated cylinder, a little bit of the liquid sticks to the sides and forms a curve. This curve is called a meniscus. When taking the measurement of a liquid, make sure to measure at the bottom of the meniscus.

Practice

Another thing to consider when finding the volume of a liquid is the markings on the graduated cylinder. Look at graduated cylinder in the practice problem. The two lines that are marked are 6 mL and 8 mL. That means that each marking between 6 mL and 8 mL is equal to 0.2 mL. Graduated cylinders are often marked differently, so don't forget to check!

Multiple Choice

What is the volume of the water in this photo?

• 6mL

• 6.4mL

• 7mL

• 6.6mL

Water Displacement

Now that you can find the volume of a liquid, you can find the volume of an irregular solid. How would you find the volume of a rock? It wouldn't be very easy to use a ruler because rocks can have so many different shapes. Instead, you can use a method called water displacement.

Procedures to find the volume of an irregularly shaped object using water displacement:

• Start with a known amount of water and record the volume.

• Place the object in the water and record the new volume of the water.

• Subtract the first volume from the second volume and that will give you the volume of the object.

Multiple Choice

Endothermic or exothermic reaction: Burning sugar

• Endothermic

• Exothermic

Take a look at the picture of the graduated cylinders on the left.

The cylinder starts with 200 cm³ of water.

When the rock is dropped in, the volume goes to approximately 270 cm³. (1mL=1cm3)

If you subtract 200 cm3 from 270 cm³ you get 70 cm³.

So the volume of the rock is 70 cm³.

Practice

Now you try to find the volume of a fish using water displacement.

Multiple Choice

What is the volume of the fish?

• 40mL

• 6mL

• 38mL

• 8mL

Density: Area & Volume

Lesson, Notes, & Practice

Open Ended

Define "density" in your own words

Density Definition

the degree of compactness of a substance

Multiple Choice

Which square is more dense?

• Left

• Right

Multiple Choice

Think about the number of people in the space in this classroom. Which class is LESS dense: 4th period (17 students) or 2nd period (10 students)?

• 2nd period

• 4th period

Population Density

We can calculate the population density of a given area by dividing the number of people living there by the "area" of the place (total number of square miles, km, meters, etc.)

Fill in the Blank

In 2018, Augusta had a population of 196,807. Augusta has a land area (not including water areas) of 306.2 square miles. What was the population density in 2018? ______ people per square mile (round to the nearest whole person).

Volume & Density

You can find the density of a 3 dimensional object by dividing its mass by its volume.

Fill in the Blank

What is the density of a block of wood measuring 0.9 cm X 2 cm X 6 cm with a mass of 5.4g? (Round to the tenths place, type in numbers only)

Fill in the Blank

Water has a density of approximately 1 g/cm³. Objects will sink if their density is greater that water and will float if their density is less. A cube measuring 2cm on each side weights 5g; will it sink or float?

​Gravity and Measurements

Mass, volume, and density do not change with gravity.
Weight, however, changes depending on the force of gravity.

Multiple Choice

Which measurement changes depending on gravity?

• Mass

• Volume

• Weight

• Density

​Floating and Sinking

Objects float if their density is less than water (1 g/cm³).
Objects sink if their density is more than 1 g/cm³.

Multiple Choice

Which object will float in water?

THINK: Objects float if their density is less than water (1 g/cm³).

• Density = 0.8 g/cm³

• Density = 1.2 g/cm³

• Density = 3 g/cm³

• D. Density = 2 g/cm³

Multiple Choice

Which object has a mass of 27 g?

m = d(v)

• a

• b

• c

• d

Multiple Choice

Which of the objects will float in water?

THINK: Objects float if their density is less than water (1 g/cm³).

• A

• C

• All will float

• None will float

Fill in the Blank

Choose the best definition

• The space matter occupies=

• Volume,

• Density, or

• Mass

Multiple Choice

Mass in a given volume ( mass/volume)

• Volume

• Mass

• Density

• Weight

Multiple Choice

Measured in Grams

• Mass

• Weight

• Volume

• Height

Multiple Choice

Measured in g/cm³

• Marbles

• Weight

• Mass

• Density

​Air and Density

Air density is affected by:

• Temperature (warmer air = less dense) *Think spread out molecules in a gas

• Humidity (more water vapor = less dense)

• Pressure (more pressure = more dense) *Think same amount of molecules with less space.

Open Ended

What affects the density of air?

Multiple Choice

What is the formula for density?

• density = mass x volume
• density = mass / volume
• density = mass + volume
• density = mass - volume

Multiple Choice

Find the mass.

• 550.4 g

• 559.4 g

• 559.6 g

• 550.6 g

Multiple Choice

What is the value on the balance?

• 240.0 g
• 142.0 g
• 102.4 g
• 100.4 g

Multiple Choice

The abbreviation "g" stands for ___________.

• ounces

• gorillas

• pounds

• grams

VOLUME

Let's revisit now how we find the "Volume" of an object...

Multiple Choice

Which formula can be used to find the volume of a rectangular prism?

• length x width

• length x width x height

• height x length

• length + width + height

Multiple Choice

Which units are NOT used for volume?

THINK: Volume is CUBED and AREA is SQUARED

• cm³

• m³

• mm³

• km²

Multiple Choice

What is the volume of this rectangular prism?

• 48 cubic centimeters

• 12 cubic centimeters

• 20 cubic centimeters

• 32 cubic centimeters

Multiple Choice

Volume is the amount of space an object takes up.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The "curve" seen when measuring a liquid; measure at the bottom of this to accurately find the volume of the liquid.

• Density

• Data

• Miniscus

• Volume

Multiple Choice

What is the volume of the water in this graduated cylinder?

• 7.6 mL
• 7.2 mL
• 6.6 mL
• 6.8 mL

Multiple Choice

Which is the more accurate piece of glassware for determining the volume of a liquid?

• graduated cylinder
• beaker

Multiple Choice

What is the volume of the cylinder?

• 10 mL

• 15 mL

• 8 mL

• 5 mL

Multiple Choice

Let's practice! Before reads 50 mL. After we drop in the object, the new water level goes up to 60 mL. What is the volume of the blocks? (Hint: new volume- old volume)

• 8 mL

• 10 mL

• 60 mL

• 5 mL

Multiple Choice

The difference in volume in a graduated cylinder when an object is added is called....

• displacement method

• density

• mass

• weight

pH & Neutralization

Acids

• Produce H₃O⁺ ions in solution

• Tend to have "H" at the beginning of formulas

• pH lower than 7

• Taste sour

• Corrosive: can cause chemical burns

• Examples: Citrus (HC₆H₇O₇), stomach acid (HCl), vinegar (HC₂H₃O₂)

Bases

• Produce OH^- ions in solution

• Tend to have "OH" at the end of formulas

• pH greater than 7

• Taste bitter; feel slippery

• Corrosive: can cause chemical burns

• Examples: Lye (NaOH), Antacid (Ca(OH)₂), Ammonia (NH₄OH)

Neutral Substances

• Have equal H₃O⁺ and OH^- ions

• pH equal to 7

• Examples: Water (H₂O), Salt (NaCl), Sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁)

Multiple Choice

A sugar solution has a pH of 7. This means the sugar solution is:

• acidic

• basic

• neutral

Fill in the Blank

The _____ scale measures the acidity of substances.

Multiple Choice

Which of these is a property of acidic solutions?

• they taste sour

• they feel slippery

• they are in many cleaning products

• they taste bitter

Multiple Choice

Four substances were tested for pH: lemon juice (pH 2), baking soda (pH 9), bleach (pH 12), and milk (pH 6). Rank these 4 substances from most basic to most acidic?

• lemon juice, milk, baking soda, bleach

• bleach, baking soda, milk, lemon juice

• milk, lemon juice, baking soda, bleach

• baking soda, bleach, lemon juice, milk

Multiple Choice

A wasp sting injects an alkaline substance into your skin. What could you use to neutralize it?

• baking soda (pH = 8)

• vinegar (pH = 2.5)

• water (pH = 7)

Multiple Choice

A bee sting injects an acidic substance into your skin. What could you use to neutralize it?

• baking soda (pH = 8)

• vinegar (pH = 2.5)

• water (pH = 7)

Multiple Choice

Is HNO₃ an acid or base?

• Acid
• Base

Multiple Choice

Human blood has a pH between 7.35 and 7.45. Which of the following best describes human blood?

• strongly acidic
• slightly acidic
• strongly basic
• slightly basic

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are properties of acids?

• They conduct electricity when dissolved in water

• They taste sour

• They react with metals to produce hydrogen gas

• All of the answer choices are correct

Multiple Choice

Bases have many uses. They are mainly used to make

• cleaning products

• soaps

• concrete

• all of the answer choices

Multiple Choice

If the substance is neutral, what would the pH be?

• 3

• 5

• 7

• 9

• 11

Multiple Choice

Which of the following pH values represents a base?

• 2.1

• 4.6

• 6.8

• 8.1

Multiple Choice

Which is the stronger acid?

• pH 1

• pH 4

• pH 8

• pH 13

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a base?

• baking soda in water

• orange juice

• vinegar

• lemonade

Multiple Choice

The strongest bases have pH values close to

• 0

• 14

• 7

• 5

Multiple Choice

If an acid is combined with a base of equal strength, the result will most likely be

• a neutral solution.

• a stronger acid.

• impossible to tell without testing the pH.

• a stronger base

Multiple Choice

Which of these pH values represent an acid?

• 4

• 8

• 10

• 12

Multiple Choice

Milk is a very weak acid. What might its pH value be?

• 6.5

• 7.8

• 4.2

• 12.2

What is pH?

• It is measure of the amount and activity of H+ or OH- ions in a acid or a base.

• Bases usually end in...

• “OH” = NaOH

• Acids usually start with...

• “H” = HCl, H₂SO₄

Multiple Choice

The pH scale tells how acidic or basic a substance is. The scale goes from _____ to _______

• 1-10

• 0-14

• 1-14

• 1-100

Multiple Select

The pH scale is an inverse function. This means the ___________ the concentration of hydrogen ions, the ___________ the pH is. (select all that apply)

• higher, lower

• lower, higher

• higher, higher

• lower, lower

Multiple Choice

Substances with a pH of 7 are

• Acidic

• Basic

• Neutral

• Saturated

Fill in the Blank

Bases have a pH that is more than

Multiple Choice

If we add EQUAL amounts of equally strong Acid and Base to a solution, we call this

• Supersaturated

• Dangerous

• Neutralization

• Dilution

Multiple Choice

Choose the substance that is more acidic using the scale

• Milk

• Soap

• Coffee

• Stomach acid

Fill in the Blank

Acids have a pH that is less than

Neutralization

• Whenever you NEUTRALIZE an ACID and a BASE, you get

• NEUTRAL Products

• These are neither acids nor bases

• The two compounds that are created are WATER and a SALT

• Depending on the chemical formulas of the acid & base, you may also get gases, like CO₂

pH is measured on a scale from 0 to 14.

• Acidic solutions are...

• Basic solutions are...

Multiple Select

Acids...

• That are stronger have a lower number on the pH scale.

• That are weaker have a lower number on the pH scale.

• Range from 0-6 on the pH scale

• Range from 8-14 on the pH scale.

Multiple Select

Basic Solution...

• Turns litmus pH paper blue

• Range between 6-8 on the pH scale

• Neutralizes acids

• Is poisonous if ingested

pH of Lemon Juice

What is the pH of lemon juice?

Multiple Choice

Approximate the pH of lemon juice...

pH of water

What is the pH of water?

Multiple Choice

Approximate the pH of water...

pH of bleach

What is the pH of bleach?

Multiple Choice

Approximate the pH of bleach...

Multiple Choice

The ability of a substance to be pressed or pounded into a thin sheet.

• magnetism

• conductivity

• ductility

• malleability

Multiple Choice

The ability of a substance to be pulled into a thin strand.

• ductility

• melting point

• buoyancy

• density

Multiple Choice

The ability of a substance to dissolve is called...

• malleability

• ductility

• solubility

Multiple Choice

An attractive force for some metals.

• Conductivity

• Solubility

• Magnetism

• Mass

Multiple Choice

The ability of matter to conduct electric current or heat

• Solubility

• Mass

• Weight

• Conductivity

Multiple Choice

Which box has a higher density?

• Box A

• Box B

• cannot be determined

• they are the same

Multiple Choice

Properties that can be measured or observed without matter changing to an entirely different substance.

• Chemical Properties of Matter

• Physical Properties of Matter

• Physical Change

• Chemical Change

Multiple Choice

Density can be used as a physical property of identification of a substance because the density of a substance ___.

• stays the same no matter the size of the sample

• changes with each different amount of a substance

• is determined by the substance's height

• is also a chemical property

Multiple Choice

When a solid reaches the temperatures of its ___, it can become a liquid.

• melting point

• freezing point

• boiling point

• density

Multiple Choice

The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas

• Melting point

• Boiling point

• Freezing point

• Condensation point

Multiple Choice

Look at the periodic table that is provided. Where would metals be located? 

• to the left of the table 
• to the right of the table 
• in the zigzag line 

Multiple Choice

Look at the periodic table that is provided. Where would nonmetals be located? 

• to the left of the table 
• to the right of the table 
• in the zigzag line 

Multiple Choice

The ability to be made into a wire.

• Malleability

• Conductivity

• Ductile

• Magnetic

Multiple Choice

A substance that breaks into pieces.

• Brittle

• Malleable

• Conductor

• Dull

Multiple Choice

How well a substance allows heat or electricity to flow through it.

• Malleablility

• Conductivity

• Luster

• Ductile

Multiple Choice

A substance that does NOT allow heat or electricity to flow through it.

• Insulator

• Conductor

• Semiconductor

• Magnetic

Multiple Choice

The way light reflects from the surface of a substance is known as _______________.

• Luster

• Ductility

• Malleability

• Insulator

Multiple Choice

How well a substance can be hammered into sheets.

• Malleability

• Conductivity

• Luster

• Magnetic

Multiple Choice

Iron is a good conductor, malleable and magnetic. What type of element is Iron? 

• Metal
• Nonmetal
• Metalloid
• Pretty

Multiple Choice

Fill in the blank: Nonmetals have a ___________ surface, and they do not conduct heat or electricity.

• electricity

• dull

• changed

• luster

• metals

Multiple Choice

A substance that sometimes conducts electrictiy and sometimes does not.

• Insulator

• Conductor

• Semiconductor

• Malleability

Multiple Choice

Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals are referred to as

_______________.

• Metals

• Nonmetals

• Metalloids

• Luster

Multiple Choice

A student is given a sample of an unknown substance. He is asked to determine if it is classified as a metal, a metalloid, or a nonmetal. He discovered that the unknown element conducted some heat and electricity, had a shiny luster, and broke easily. This element is most likely a 

• metal
• nonmetal
• metalloid
• cannot be determined