unit 8 industrial revolution

Open Ended

Industrialization dramatically reshaped societies in Germany, Japan and Great Britain. If you were a factory owner, a farm laborer, or a government official in one of these countries during its industrial period, what would be the biggest positive and negative changes you would experience or observe in your daily life and community?

Open Ended

1. According to the video, which single change best summarizes the Industrial Revolution?
   A. New political borders and flags
   B. More production from machines and new energy sources
   C. Greater global trade with paper money
   D. A rise in life expectancy above 50 years

2. Which industry does the video use as an example to show how interconnected innovations drove industrialization?

3. The video argues that one major geographic advantage Britain had was:
   A. Extensive navigable rivers for all cities
   B. Large, shallow coal deposits that made fuel cheap
   C. The world’s largest population to provide labor
   D. Tropical climate ideal for year-round manufacturing

4. Why does the video say high wages in Britain encouraged mechanization?
   A. High wages made labor cheaper than machines
   B. High wages pushed manufacturers to adopt machines to replace costly labor
   C. High wages meant workers preferred working in factories
   D. High wages caused imports to become more expensive

Multiple Choice

What were two effects of urbanization on workers during the Industrial Revolution?

• Crowded living conditions and spread of diseases

• Higher wages and shorter work hours

• More leisure time and better education

• Improved healthcare and sanitation

Multiple Choice

Analyze the process and impact of industrialization in Great Britain

• Industrialization in Great Britain had no impact on society.
• The process of industrialization led to a decline in urban populations.
• The process of industrialization in Great Britain transformed its economy and society, leading to urbanization, economic growth, and significant social changes.
• Industrialization primarily benefited rural areas over cities.

Open Ended

Working with a partner, create an argument based on the image and what you know to convince Great Britain to industrialize or not. Explain why.

Multiple Choice

Analyze the process and impact of industrialization in Germany

• The process of industrialization in Germany primarily benefited the agricultural sector.
• Industrialization in Germany led to a decrease in urban populations.
• The process of industrialization in Germany transformed its economy and society, leading to economic growth, urbanization, and the emergence of a working class.
• Industrialization in Germany had no significant impact on its economy.

Open Ended

Working with a partner, create an argument based on the image and what you know to convince Germany to industrialize or not. Explain why.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following was NOT a factor that made industrialization possible in Germany?

• Ample iron and coal resources

• Disciplined and educated work force

• Lack of coordination of railroads

• Rapidly growing population

Multiple Choice

Analyze the process and impact of industrialization in Japan

• Japan's industrialization was solely driven by foreign intervention.
• The Meiji Restoration had no significant impact on Japan's economy.
• The process of industrialization in Japan involved modernization during the Meiji Restoration, leading to economic growth and social change, with both positive and negative impacts.
• Industrialization in Japan only resulted in negative social changes.

Open Ended

Working with a partner, create an argument based on the image and what you know to convince Japan to industrialize or not. Explain why.

Poll

Using what you've learned and the image, the Industrial Revolution was mostly

• Good

• Bad

Open Ended

You decide to start a business selling custom-designed t-shirts. Your friend argues that the government should set a minimum price and a limit on how many shirts you can sell. You argue that the only thing guiding your business should be customer demand and your desire to make a profit. Why might this "hands-off" approach be both a strength and a weakness for society?

Open Ended

1. 1. Where was Karl Marx born?
   A. London
   B. Prussia
   C. Russia
   D. France

   2. Who influenced Marx’s ideas about society while at university?
   A. Friedrich Engels
   B. G.W.F. Hegel
   C. Adam Smith
   D. Mark Twain

   3. What was the main goal of Marx and Engels in The Communist Manifesto?
   A. Promote a classless society
   B. Support the monarchy
   C. Encourage global trade
   D. Oppose the abolitionist movement

   4. How did Marx continue his work after being exiled?
   A. Became a European correspondent in London
   B. Returned to Prussia
   C. Started a factory
   D. Joined the Russian Revolution

   5. Why did Marxism become influential worldwide?
   A. It offered an alternative to existing economic systems
   B. It guaranteed democracy
   C. It ended slavery
   D. It promoted industrialization

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are beliefs associated with Adam Smith?

• Laissez-faire economics

• Classless society

• Despised capitalism

• Saw class struggle as unavoidable

Multiple Choice

Examine the political and economic ideas of Karl Marx

• Karl Marx's ideas advocate for a classless society through communal ownership of production, critiquing capitalism and emphasizing class struggle.
• Karl Marx promoted the idea of a free market economy.
• He argued for the elimination of all forms of government.
• Marx believed in the superiority of capitalism over socialism.

Poll

Using the image, do you think urbanization during the Industrial Revolution was good or bad?

• Good

• Bad

Open Ended

1. 1. What were the two main social classes that formed during the Industrial Revolution?
   A. Aristocracy and peasants
   B. Proletariat and bourgeoisie
   C. Farmers and merchants
   D. Nobles and clergy

   2. Why did many people move from rural areas to cities?
   A. To escape disease
   B. To work in factories
   C. To join the military
   D. To attend universities

   3. What were tenements?
   A. Factory machines
   B. Poorly built urban housing for workers
   C. Middle-class suburban homes
   D. Schools for children

   4. What was the “Cult of Domesticity”?
   A. A working-class family tradition
   B. Middle-class gender roles where men worked and women stayed home
   C. A type of factory
   D. An industrial law

   5. What reforms improved working conditions by the late 19th century?
   A. Factory Act and 10 Hours Act
   B. Abolition of urbanization
   C. Creation of tenements
   D. Middle-class philanthropy

Multiple Choice

Examine the social impact of urbanization, include: women and children.

• Urbanization leads to a decrease in job opportunities for women and children.
• Children are less affected by urbanization and do not experience changes in education.
• Urbanization has no impact on women's safety or domestic responsibilities.
• Urbanization affects women by providing job opportunities and education, while also increasing domestic burdens and safety issues; children gain access to better education but may face urban poverty.

Open Ended

To build a strong nation, is it better to unify by military conflict (like Germany) or by rapid political change (like Japan)? Justify your answer.

Poll

Which object do you think was the most critical to securing each nation’s long-term independence. Be prepared to explain why

Open Ended

1.   Who forced Japan to open to trade in 1853?
   A. Emperor Meiji
   B. Commodore Matthew Perry
   C. Shogun Yoshinobu
   D. Admiral Yamamoto

     What was a major result of the Meiji Restoration?
   A. Return to feudalism
   B. Isolation from the West
   C. Modernization and industrialization of Japan
   D. End of the emperor

     Why did the Satsuma Rebellion occur in 1877?
   A. Farmers wanted land
   B. Merchants wanted power
   C. Samurai were angry about losing status and pay
   D. China invaded Japan

     How did Japan become an imperial power in the late 1800s?
   A. By staying neutral
   B. By conquering Korea and Taiwan after defeating China and Russia
   C. By trading peacefully
   D. By joining the League of Nations

     What event led the U.S. to enter WWII against Japan?
   A. Battle of Midway
   B. Atomic bomb
   C. Attack on Pearl Harbor
   D. Russo-Japanese War

Multiple Choice

Compare and contrast the rise of the nation state in Germany under Otto von Bismarck and Japan during the Meiji Restoration.

• Germany's unification was solely based on economic treaties, while Japan's Meiji Restoration was a military takeover.
• Bismarck's policies were focused on isolationism, whereas Japan sought to expand its empire through colonization.
• Germany's unification under Bismarck was achieved through military conflict and diplomacy, while Japan's Meiji Restoration focused on modernization and reform to strengthen the nation-state.
• The rise of the nation-state in Germany was primarily driven by cultural movements, while Japan relied on foreign intervention.

Open Ended

Look at a modern map of Africa. The borders drawn by European colonizers are often straight lines, ignoring mountains, rivers, and cultural groups. How do these straight-line borders continue to create political problems in Africa today?

Open Ended

1. Why did Britain begin selling opium to China in the 1800s?
   A. China demanded it
   B. Britain needed a product China would buy
   C. China asked for medical supplies
   D. Britain wanted to stop tea imports

   2. What was one major result of the Treaty of Nanjing?
   A. China gained new ports
   B. Britain returned Hong Kong
   C. Britain gained Hong Kong and trade rights
   D. Opium became illegal in Britain

   3. Which technology most helped Europeans conquer Africa?
   A. Catapults
   B. Steam engines
   C. Maxim machine gun
   D. Railroads

   4. Why did Europeans use indirect rule in colonies?
   A. They had large armies
   B. It was cheaper and required fewer Europeans
   C. Local rulers refused to help
   D. It prevented rebellions

   5. How did Menelik II resist imperialism?
   A. Avoided trade
   B. Formed alliances with China
   C. Adopted European weapons and defeated Italy
   D. Moved his empire inland

Open Ended

How does this political cartoon reflect Imperalism?

Open Ended

Use search terms like: "French motives for Indochina," "Cochinchina Campaign," and "French Indochina formation."

1. The Starting Point: What initial event in 1858 served as the official justification or catalyst for France's first major military actions in Vietnam?

   • Answer:

2. The Three C's: According to historical analysis, briefly identify the three main French motives (often summarized as the three C's) for colonizing Indochina.

   • Motive 1 (Economic):

   • Motive 2 (Political/Competition):

   • Motive 3 (Cultural/Ideological):

3. The Gateway Myth: What major geographical feature did the French initially hope would connect Indochina to the vast markets of China? Why did this hope ultimately prove disappointing?

   • Feature:

   • Disappointment:

Use search terms like: "French Indochina administration," "French monopolies in Indochina," and "rubber plantations Indochina."

4. Administrative Structure: Indochina was divided into three countries, but France ruled all of Vietnam as three separate divisions (Cochinchina, Annam, and Tonkin). What style of rule (Direct or Indirect) did the French generally use, and what was the main difference between their rule in Cochinchina versus Annam and Tonkin?

   • Rule Style:

   • Difference:

5. The Monopolies: To guarantee revenue, the French government created mandatory state monopolies. Name three common goods the local population was forced to buy from the French government at inflated prices.

   • Good 1:

   • Good 2:

   • Good 3:

6. The Rubber Curse: The French developed huge rubber plantations in Indochina. Describe the working conditions on these plantations and explain why they became a major source of anti-French nationalist resentment.

   • Conditions:

   • Resentment:

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Use search terms like: "positive effects of French rule in Indochina," "Ho Chi Minh French education," and "First Indochina War causes."

7. Modernization Paradox: Identify one major infrastructure project (e.g., roads, ports, etc.) the French built. Explain how this project was considered a positive step toward modernization yet simultaneously served the negative goal of economic exploitation.

   • Project:

   • Paradox Explanation:

8. The Seeds of War: Explain how a famous Vietnamese nationalist leader, Ho Chi Minh, used his French education and exposure to Western ideas to ultimately challenge and defeat the French colonial power.

   • Explanation:

9. Lasting Legacy: After the French withdrew in 1954, the region descended into decades of conflict (including the Vietnam War). Evaluate the claim that the French decision to prioritize economic profit over political unity ultimately planted the seeds of instability that defined Indochina for the rest of the 20th century.

   • Evaluation:

Open Ended

🏯 Japan's Imperial Rise Webquest: The Path to War

This webquest will guide you through the motivations, key events, and lasting impact of Japanese imperialism across East Asia, focusing on Korea, China, and the surrounding regions.

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Part I: Context and Motivation

Use search terms like: "Japanese motives for imperialism," "Japan resource scarcity," and "Russo-Japanese War outcome."

1. The Driving Force: What unique geographical and industrial weakness compelled Japan to seek control over neighboring lands like Korea and Manchuria?

   • Weakness:

2. Proving Equality: In addition to resources, how did building an empire help Japan achieve its political goal of gaining respect and recognition from Western powers?

   • Political Goal:

3. The First Clashes: Name the two major wars (one against China, one against Russia) that Japan fought and won between 1894 and 1905 to establish itself as the dominant power in East Asia.

   • War 1 (vs. China):

   • War 2 (vs. Russia):

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Part II: Key Events and Exploitation (DOK 2 & 3)

Use search terms like: "Japanese rule in Korea 1910," "Manchurian Incident 1931," and "Kōminka policy."

4. The Ultimate Colony: After its victory over Russia, Japan formally annexed Korea in 1910. Briefly describe the method of rule Japan used in Korea, focusing on whether it was direct or indirect control.

   • Method:

5. Forced Assimilation: In the 1930s, Japan implemented the Kōminka policy in Korea. Name two specific cultural practices this policy forced Koreans to adopt or banned them from practicing.

   • Practice 1:

   • Practice 2:

6. Manufactured Conflict: What event did the Japanese military stage in 1931 to justify their invasion and establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo in resource-rich Northeast China?

   • Event:

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Part III: Impacts and Legacy

Use search terms like: "Rape of Nanking," "comfort women issue," and "Japan historical memory disputes."

7. Economic Exploitation: While Japan built vast infrastructure (railroads, factories) in its colonies, the economy was fundamentally distorted. Explain why this investment did not benefit the local Korean and Chinese populations.

   • Explanation:

8. The Seeds of Distrust: Explain how the issue of "Comfort Women" and the way Japan addresses its imperial history in its textbooks continue to fuel diplomatic tensions between Japan, South Korea, and China today.

   • Explanation:

9. Historical Judgment: Evaluate the claim that Japan’s rapid industrial expansion and quest for military security, while successful in modernizing Japan, were the primary cause of regional instability and the massive conflicts in East Asia during the 20th century.

   • Evaluation:

Multiple Choice

Assess imperialism in Africa and Asia, include: the influence of geography and natural resources.

• Geography played no significant role in the imperialist strategies of European powers in Africa and Asia.
• Imperialism in Africa and Asia was primarily motivated by cultural exchange and diplomacy.
• Natural resources were largely ignored during the colonization of Africa and Asia.
• Imperialism in Africa and Asia was driven by the quest for natural resources and strategic geographic advantages, leading to extensive colonization and exploitation.

Open Ended

1. When a powerful outside country forces its influence on a weaker region, what do you think ordinary people might do to resist or fight back? Explain which methods you believe would be most effective and why.

2. Imagine your community is suddenly controlled by a foreign power that changes your laws, economy, and culture. How might different groups—workers, soldiers, religious leaders, or students—respond differently? What factors would shape the kind of resistance they choose?

Open Ended

Based on this image and the term "Sepoy Mutiny," what is the source's attitude toward the event? (e.g., Positive, Negative, Neutral, Factual)

Open Ended

1. What problem were the British trying to solve by selling opium in China?
   A. Lack of Chinese weapons
   B. China refusing silver
   C. Spread Christianity
   D. Trade imbalance from demand for Chinese goods

2. Why did the Qing oppose opium imports?
   A. Made Euro goods cheaper
   B. Hurt social stability
   C. Increased military power
   D. Reduced demand for silk

3. What was a major result of the First Opium War?
   A. China got British ports
   B. Britain banned opium
   C. Britain gained Hong Kong/open ports
   D. China beat the British Navy

4. What factor contributed to both the Opium Wars and the Taiping Rebellion?
   A. Weak Qing govt
   B. Silk overproduction
   C. Industrialization
   D. British withdrawal

5. What does Gladstone’s speech show about British views?
   A. All supported war
   B. Many thought it was wrong
   C. Public wanted more opium
   D. Parliament knew nothing

Open Ended

1. What group led the Boxer Rebellion?
   A. Red Guards
   B. Qing soldiers
   C. Order of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists
   D. Nationalists

2. Why were the Boxers angry at foreigners?
   A. Foreigners raised taxes
   B. They believed foreigners were trying to control China
   C. Foreigners brought new crops
   D. Foreigners supported the Qing

3. What helped create support for the rebellion?
   A. China winning wars
   B. Peasants blaming disasters on foreign influence
   C. Western aid programs
   D. Growing trade profits

4. How did the Boxer Rebellion end?
   A. Qing defeated foreigners
   B. China gained new territory
   C. A multinational force crushed the Boxers
   D. Boxers formed a new government

5. What happened to China after the rebellion?
   A. Paid large reparations
   B. Gained weapons
   C. Formed the Red Guards
   D. Expanded its navy

Multiple Choice

what is the main reason that European nations met at the Berlin Conference in 1884?

• Otto von Bismark wanted to be the leader of the European nations

• to find out whether Africa had the most natural resources of all continents

• European countries wanted to settle conflicting claims for lands in East Africa

• The African countries wanted to be colonized by European nations

Multiple Choice

How did European leaders justify colonizing African countries to their citizens in the 19th and 20th centuries?

• They were bringing independence to African peoples.

• The need to acquire raw materials to develop industry.

• To expand living space for Europeans

• The discovery of new river-routes for trading and industry.

Multiple Choice

According to this political cartoon, why was India considered to be the “Crown Jewel of the British Empire” in the 19th and 20th centuries?

• The British were “milking” India of resources and value.

• The British were “milking” India of religion

• The British were “milking” India of science and technology

• The British were “milking” India of education.

Multiple Choice

Examine anti-imperial resistance, include: Opium Wars, Boxer Rebellion, and the Indian Revolt of 1857.

• The Indian Revolt of 1857 was a peaceful protest for British rule.
• The Boxer Rebellion aimed to strengthen foreign influence in China.
• The Opium Wars, Boxer Rebellion, and Indian Revolt of 1857 exemplify anti-imperial resistance against foreign domination.
• The Opium Wars were a trade agreement between China and Britain.