Untitled Presentation

Open Ended

Describe the process of nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) synthesis and its importance in genetic function.

Open Ended

Describe the main stages involved in the metabolism of nucleic acids in the human body.

Open Ended

Explain the central role of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) in cellular activities and genetic information transfer, as described in the images.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a component of a DNA molecule?

• Deoxyribose sugar

• Uracil base (U)

• Adenine base (A)

• Phosphate group

Fill in the Blank

The sugar found in RNA is called ___.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are present in both DNA and RNA molecules?

• Adenine

• Thymine

• Cytosine

• Phosphate group

Multiple Choice

What is the main difference between RNA and DNA?

• RNA has two strands, DNA has one strand.

• RNA contains thymine, DNA contains uracil.

• RNA contains ribose sugar, DNA contains deoxyribose sugar.

• RNA is only found in the nucleus, DNA is found throughout the cell.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following processes occurs when DNA is transcribed into an RNA copy in prokaryotic cells?

• Transcription

• Translation

• Replication

• Splicing

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are correct steps in the flow of genetic information in eukaryotic cells as shown in the diagram?

• Chromosome → DNA → Gene → RNA → Protein

• Chromosome → RNA → DNA → Protein

• DNA → Protein → RNA → Gene

• Gene → Chromosome → Protein → RNA

Multiple Choice

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

• Uracil

• Thymine

• Adenine

• Guanine

Open Ended

Explain the difference between the degradation and synthesis of nucleic acids in living organisms.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a step in the degradation of nucleic acids?

• Hydrolysis of nucleic acid

• Synthesis of polynucleotide chains

• Degradation of purine bases

• Degradation of pyrimidine bases

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide in DNA?

• Adenine

• Ribose

• Phosphate group

• Uracil

Fill in the Blank

The sugar found in RNA is ___ .

Open Ended

Explain why nucleic acids in food are not digested in the stomach but are mainly digested in the small intestine.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids?

• Adenine

• Cytosine

• Uracil

• Thymine

Multiple Choice

What is the main function of nucleotidase in nucleic acid digestion?

• Breaks phosphodiester bonds in DNA

• Removes phosphate group from mononucleotides

• Converts nucleosides to free bases

• Synthesizes nucleotides

Multiple Select

Which enzymes are involved in the digestion of nucleic acids in the small intestine?

• Endonuclease

• Phosphodiesterase

• Nucleotidase

• Amylase

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the main form absorbed through the membrane of intestinal epithelial cells during nucleic acid digestion?

• Free nitrogenous bases and some nucleosides

• Large nucleotides

• Whole nucleic acids

• Only phosphate groups

Multiple Select

After absorption into intestinal cells, which of the following are possible fates of nitrogenous bases and nucleosides?

• Used for synthesis of endogenous nucleotides and nucleosides

• Rapidly converted to uric acid (for purines) and transported to blood

• Excreted directly without metabolism

• Converted to simpler compounds such as β-alanine and β-aminoisobutyrate (for pyrimidines)

Fill in the Blank

The enzyme that converts adenine to xanthine in purine degradation is called ___.

Open Ended

Describe the biochemical pathway by which purine bases are degraded to uric acid in humans. Include the key intermediates and enzymes involved.

Multiple Choice

In most mammals, uric acid is further converted to which water-soluble compound by the enzyme uricase?

• Allantoin

• Urea

• Ammonia

• Glyoxylic acid

Fill in the Blank

The main water-soluble product of pyrimidine base degradation is ___.