Theories of Learning and Development Applied to Classroom Manage

Multiple Choice

What is classical conditioning?

• Learning caused by pairing and association of two stimuli
• Learning by responding to environmental stimuli
• Learning explained by its consequences
• Learning explained by modelling 

Multiple Choice

Define conditioned response

• A response that does not have to be learned
• A response that has been learned
• A stimulus that produced the response in an unconditioned reflex
• A form of learning

Multiple Choice

In Pavlov's classic experiment, food was the

• Unconditioned stimulus
• Unconditioned response
• conditioned stimulus
• conditioned response

Multiple Choice

Tamara normally feeds her cat canned cat food. She noticed that every time she uses her electric can opener, her cat comes to the kitchen. What is the conditioned stimulus?

• The cat food
• The sound of the electric can opener
• The cat coming to the kitchen
• Tamara

Multiple Choice

When a child hears a loud noise, he cries. The family's dog often barks loudly. Each time the child sees the dog, he cries. What is the conditioned response?

• the dog
• The loud noise
• The crying
• The Barking

Multiple Choice

Which of the following scenarios best matches classical conditioning?

• Bob studied for his math test for two hours and only got a C, so he decided to study more for the next test.

• Bob skipped class last week and had to stay after for detention. He decided not to skip classes anymore.

• Bob ate a cheeseburger and felt sick afterwards, so every time he smells McDonalds he feels nauseous.

• Bob has always been afraid of dogs because they might bite, so he has a pet fish instead.

Multiple Choice

Little Albert began to associate any small, fluffy object with the loud sound. What is this describing?

• discrimination

• extinction

• generalization

• counterconditioning

Multiple Choice

In Pavlov's experiment, what is the bell/ticking sound?

• unconditioned stimulus

• unconditioned response

• conditioned stimulus

• conditioned response

Multiple Choice

In Pavlov's experiment, dogs eventually drooled just by hearing a tone. In this experiment, what is the conditioned response?

• food

• tone

• eating

• drooling

Multiple Choice

At what age is the preoperational stage of development?

• Birth-2 years
• 2-7 years
• 7-11 years
• 12 and older

Multiple Choice

At what age is the concrete operational stage?

• Birth to 2 years
• 2 to 7 years
• 7 to 11 years
• 12 and older

Multiple Choice

This happens when the existing schema (knowledge) does not work, and needs to be changed to deal with a new object or situation.

• Assimilation
• Equlibration
• Accomodation
• all of these

Multiple Choice

object permanence is usually established during 

• sensoimotor
• pre-operational
• concrete coperational
• formal operational

Multiple Choice

Conservation of volume in different containers 

• sensorimotor 
• preoperational
• concrete operational
• formal operational 

Multiple Choice

The force which moves development along. Piaget believed that cognitive development did not progress at a steady rate, but rather in leaps and bounds.

• Eqiulibration 
• Assimilation
• Association

Multiple Choice

Not yet able to take another point of view

• sensorimotor
• pre-operational
• concrete operational
• formal operational

Multiple Choice

The inability of young children to see the world through someone else's view is termed:

• Centration
• Irreversibility
• Conservation
• Egocentrism

Multiple Choice

Sally attempts to retrieve her teddy bear after her father hides it under a blanket. This suggests that Sally has developed a sense of

• egocentrism.

• object permanence.

• conservation.

• accommodation.

Multiple Choice

In which of the following stages will children learn the concept of conservation?

• preoperational
• concrete operational
• sensorimotor
• formal operational

Multiple Choice

Social Learning Theory developed from operant conditioning

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

'If a child observes a models aggression being rewarded they are more likely to imitate' - this is a definition of...

• Self efficacy

• Vicarious punishment

• Vicarious reinforcement

• Identification

Multiple Choice

'whether someone is capable of successfully reproducing a models behaviour' describes what?

• Identification

• Vicarious reinforcement

• Retention

• Self efficacy

Multiple Choice

What was the main aim of Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment?

• To see if children learn aggression by observation

• To see if children prefer dolls over action figures

• To test children's intelligence

• To find out if punishment stops bad behaviour

Multiple Choice

What type of learning does Social Learning Theory focus on?

• Learning through rewards only

• Learning through trial and error

• Learning by observing others

• Learning only in school

Multiple Choice

In Bandura’s study, what did children do after watching an adult behave aggressively towards the Bobo doll?

• They ignored the doll

• They copied the aggressive behaviour

• They ran away from the doll

• They started crying

Multiple Choice

What concept explains why children were more likely to imitate aggression when the adult was rewarded?

• Classical Conditioning

• Operant Conditioning

• Vicarious Reinforcement

• Cognitive Dissonance

Multiple Choice

What is one key process in Social Learning Theory?

• Observation and imitation

• Hypnosis and memory loss

• Trial and error learning

• Forgetting and relearning

Multiple Choice

What happened when children saw the adult being punished for aggressive behaviour?

• They still copied the behaviour

• They were less likely to imitate it

• They became even more aggressive

• They ignored the experimenters

Multiple Choice

In what field of profession was Vygotsky's first earned degree?

• Psychology
• Education
• Sociology
• Law

Multiple Choice

Which option is key while incorporating Vygotsky's theories in your classroom?

• Scaffolding
• Hands-on activities
• Learning Styles
• Discovery Learning

Multiple Choice

The zone of proximal development is:

• The most a child can learn in a given day
• The gap between what the child can do on their own and what they cannot do without assistance
• What the child already knows
• The intelligence level the child is projected to be at given point

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a theory of Vygotsky?

• Cognitive Learning Theory
• Guided Discovery
• The More Knowledgeable Other
• Multiple Intelligences

Multiple Choice

According to Vygotsky,  why is language important in development?

• Language is the main means by which adults transmit info to children.
• Language is a powerful tool of intellectual adaptation.
• Language is an accelerator to thinking and understanding.
• All of the above.

Multiple Choice

According to Vygotsky, which of the following is not true?

• Children construct knowledge.
• Cognitive development occurs in distinct stages.
• Development cannot be separated from its social context.
• Language plays a central role in mental development.

Multiple Choice

What are the forms of language?

• social speech, inner speech, private speech

• social speech, listening, inner speech

• private speech, inner speech, speaking

• inner speech, listening, speaking

Multiple Choice

What is the meaning of self-regulation?

• being yourself at all times

• the ability to act in your long term best interest

• Regulating the behavior of other children

• the ability to ignore people's negative opinions

Multiple Choice

When are self regulation skills developed?

• first 10 years of life

• first 15 years of life

• first 20 years of life

• first 5 years of life

Multiple Choice

According to Erikson, what is the main crisis in adolescence?

• Industry vs. Inferiority
  

• Identity vs. Role Confusion

• Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

• Initiative vs. Guilt

Multiple Choice

According to Erikson, the key question, “Can I do things by myself or must I always rely on others?” emerges during the stage of:

• Trust vs Mistrust

• Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

• Competency vs Inferiority

• Identity vs Role Confusion

• Intimacy vs Isolation

Multiple Choice

Jeff is 93-years old. Lately, he has been dwelling on mistakes that he made in the past and on his imminent death. According to Erikson, Jeff is likely experiencing a sense of:

• Competency vs Inferiority

• Identity vs Role Confusion

• Intimacy vs Isolation

• Generativity vs Stagnation

• Integrity vs Despair

Multiple Choice

Leslie is dating Brad. They have discussed the future of their relationship but Leslie is not sure whether or not to make a commitment to Brad. What stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development is Leslie experiencing?

• Competency vs Inferiority

• Identity vs Role Confusion

• Intimacy vs Isolation

• Generativity vs Stagnation

• Integrity vs Despair

Multiple Choice

According to Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development, which stage describes a child who needs to learn important academic skills and compare favorably with peers in school to achieve competence?

• Trust vs Mistrust

• Identity vs Role Confusion

• Initiative vs Guilt

• Industry vs Inferiority

Multiple Choice

The stage that occurs between birth and 18 months is concerned with:

• Trust vs. mistrust
• Autonomy vs. shame & doubt
• Initiative vs. guilt
• Identity vs. role confusion

Multiple Choice

How many stages of psychosocial development did Erikson describe?

• 6

• 4

• 8

• 2

Multiple Choice

Which is an example of the autonomy versus shame and doubt stage?

• An infant chewing on a teething toy

• teenager trying out new fashions and hairstyles

• A preschooler insisting on picking out her own clothes, no matter how mismatched they are

• A middle-schooler completing a challenging math assignment

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a physiological basic need?

• love

• belonging

• shelter

• safety

Multiple Choice

What does it mean to self-actualize?

• to find love
• to have security
• to reach one's full potential
• to meet the basic need (optional)

Multiple Choice

How many levels are there on Maslow's hierarchy?

• 3
• 1
• 5
• 4

Multiple Choice

How is Maslow's hierarchy most often displayed?

• pyramid
• square
• circle
• octagon

Multiple Choice

As an employer, installing self locking doors and offering a retirement plan satisfies which level of Maslow's Hierarchy?

• Physiological

• Security

• Social

• Esteem

Multiple Choice

The following are examples of esteem needs except:

• Employee of the month

• Promotion to supervisor

• joining the company golf league

• outstanding employee award

Multiple Choice

Feeling a part of a group helps us meet _______________ need

• basic physiological needs

• safety and security

• love and belonging

• self-esteem

Multiple Choice

Self-actualization refers to...

• When people realize it is all about me
• The motivation to develop to ones full potential as a human being
• When people have a lot of friends
• When people are in meaningful relationships

Multiple Choice

What does the first step of applying the Experimental Learning Theory in a classroom consist of?

• A. A final reflection on the experiment will follow through discussion or journaling.

• B. Introduce the students to the topic by going over the basic material to be familiar with the subject whenever the class goes more in-depth.

• C. The learner should participate in an experience that requires a deeper level of involvement

• D. At this step, students will experiment with the newly formed concepts and interpret current conflicts and conflict resolutions.

Multiple Choice

What does the last step of applying the Experimental Learning Theory in a classroom consist of?

• A. At this step, students will experiment with the newly formed concepts and interpret current conflicts and conflict resolutions.

• B.Following up with another discussion where students discuss what happened and how they felt.

• C. At this step, learners will begin to construct concepts and hypotheses related to the experience through discussion and individual reflection

• D. A final reflection on the experiment will follow through discussion or journaling.

Multiple Choice

What is one of the main criticisms that Kolb receives after establishing the ELT?

• A. it was problematic and unrealistic

• B. it was unsystematic and problematic

• C. it was unrealistic and wrong

• D. it was wrong and unsystematic

Multiple Choice

After Learning about the criticisms of ELT what did people think about the concrete learning experience part of this cycle?

• A. they believed it was explained well but a little shattered

• B. they believed it was completely wrong

• C. they believed it was left unexplored and not explained well

• D. they believed there was too much-unneeded information

Multiple Choice

How much information did Kolb provide on how social groups gain their knowledge through common experiences?

• A. too much-unneeded information

• B. Just enough information to understand the concept

• C. this was mentioned only twice

• D. little to no information was mentioned on this topic

Multiple Choice

What are the four components of the Experimental Learning Cycle model?

• A. experience, apprehension, extension, and observation

• B. Experience, critical reflection, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation

• C. both A & B

• D. none of the above

Multiple Choice

Apprehension-Comprehension is the distinct mode of gaining experience.

• A. True

• B. False

Multiple Choice

Intension-extension is the distinct mode of transforming experience.

• A. True

• B. False

Multiple Choice

A learner’s observations of their own ______ are considered to be ______.

• A.emotions/the end result

• B. subjective reality/the starting point

• C. learning ability/ the focal point

• D.subjective reality/the end result

Multiple Choice

What is Ausubel´s theory about?

• Cognitive development theory

• Meaningful learning theory

• The zone of proximal development

• Constructivist theory

Multiple Choice

Meaningful Learning occurs when the new information is related to prior knowledge.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

Learners memorize new information without relating it to prior knowledge. It refers to:

• Meaningful learning

• Memoristic or rote Learning

Multiple Choice

David Ausubel says that meaningful learning is not a crucial type of learning for classroom instruction.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

What are the types of meaningful learning?

• Representation Learning

• Concept learning

• Proposition Learning

• All of them

Multiple Select

What is/are the focus of the Condition of Learning?

• Quantity, Quality and Organization

• The process of information that enters to our cognitive

• Relating new information to prior knowledge

• To awaken their conscious in every information that enters to our cognitive

Multiple Choice

It is the level of basic knowledge and adding new ideas to cognitive structure.

• Correlative

  Subsumption

• Derivative Subsumption

• Combinatorial Subsumpton

• Superordinate Subsumption

Multiple Choice

All green fruits are sour unless it is not yet ripe.

• Correlative

  Subsumption

• Derivative Subsumption

• Combinatorial Subsumpton

• Superordinate Subsumption

Multiple Choice

Vitamins can help our body strengthen.

• Correlative

  Subsumption

• Derivative Subsumption

• Combinatorial Subsumpton

• Superordinate Subsumption

Multiple Choice

Familiar with things without knowing the whole concept

• Correlative

  Subsumption

• Derivative Subsumption

• Combinatorial Subsumpton

• Superordinate Subsumption

Multiple Choice

Which age group is not included in the constructivist theory?

• 13 -18

• 0-1

• 1-6

• 7+

Multiple Choice

The constructivist theory is a(n) _______ process.

• compliant

• passive

• active

• repetitious

Multiple Choice

Which category does the age group 1-6 belong to?

• symbolic

• iconic

• tactile

• enactive

Multiple Choice

Burner agreed with Piaget that the underlying cognitive structure ___________ ___________.

• never matures

• mature rapidly

• matures overtime

• sometimes matures

Multiple Choice

Did Burner agree with Piaget that a child can think about an organized world in an increasingly complex way?

• yes

• no

• maybe

• I don't know. I should learn to listen.

Multiple Choice

Bruner was similar to Vygotsky, he stressed

• The world of education and isolation

• The world of math and science

• the world of images and isolation

• the world of language and interpersonal communication

Multiple Choice

Bruner's Intellectual Development was made up of

• physical mode

• visual mode

• language mode

• all of the above

Multiple Select

Spiral curriculum is when to facilitate structuring a curriculum to work

• simple-to-complex

• inabstract-to-concrete

• abstract-to-concrete

• general-to-detailed