Untitled Presentation

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best explains why atoms bond?

• To gain stability by achieving lower energy states

• To increase their atomic number

• To become radioactive

• To lose all their electrons

Multiple Choice

What is a covalent bond?

• A bond formed by sharing valence electrons

• A bond formed by transferring electrons

• A bond formed by losing protons

• A bond formed by gaining neutrons

Fill in the Blank

Each fluorine atom has seven valence electrons and needs another electron to form an ___.

Multiple Select

Which of the following molecules are examples of diatomic molecules that form covalent bonds?

• H2

• O2

• NaCl

• Br2

Open Ended

How is the stability of a covalent bond related to the forces of attraction and repulsion acting on the atoms involved?

Multiple Choice

What is the most stable arrangement of atoms in a covalent bond?

• At a very close distance between nuclei

• At some optimal distance between nuclei

• At a very far distance between nuclei

• When the net repulsion is greater than the net attraction

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about electron pairs in a fluorine molecule are correct?

• Each fluorine atom has one pair of electrons that are covalently bonded

• Each fluorine atom has three pairs of electrons that are unbonded

• Unbonded electron pairs are called lone pairs

• Each fluorine atom has two pairs of electrons that are covalently bonded

Open Ended

Explain how the sharing of electrons in a fluorine molecule leads to a stable noble-gas configuration for each atom.

Open Ended

Infer how the energies of the fluorine atoms change when they form a covalent bond.

Fill in the Blank

In a Lewis structure, a single covalent bond is represented by a ___ between the symbols of elements.

Multiple Choice

Which group 17 element forms single covalent bonds with atoms of other nonmetals to achieve a stable octet?

• Fluorine

• Oxygen

• Hydrogen

• Nitrogen

Multiple Choice

Which element from group 16 forms two single covalent bonds and has two unshared pairs of electrons?

• Oxygen

• Nitrogen

• Carbon

• Sulfur

Fill in the Blank

Describe how a Lewis structure represents a single covalent bond.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about group 14 elements and single covalent bonds is correct?

• Group 14 elements form four covalent bonds.

• Group 14 elements form two covalent bonds.

• Group 14 elements form three covalent bonds.

• Group 14 elements do not form covalent bonds.

Open Ended

Describe how the central atom in each molecule (water, ammonia, methane) meets the octet rule.

Fill in the Blank

Single covalent bonds are also called ___ bonds, represented by the Greek letter sigma (σ).

Open Ended

Identify when sigma bonds can form.

Open Ended

State the number of sigma bonds in each of the three molecules shown here: Water (H2O), Ammonia (NH3), and Methane (CH4).

Open Ended

List two kinds of multiple covalent bonds.

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes a double covalent bond?

• It forms when two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms.

• It forms when one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms.

• It forms when three pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms.

• It forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

Fill in the Blank

A triple covalent bond forms when ___ pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best explains why noble gases seldom form compounds?

• They have unstable electron arrangements.

• They have a full outer energy level and low potential energy.

• They frequently react with other elements.

• They have high potential energy.

Open Ended

Why do covalent bonds form?