Valence Electrons & Ions

Multiple Choice

How many valence electrons does the following electron configuration shows:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴ 

• 4
• 8
• 10
• 6

Multiple Choice

Which group in the periodic table has elements with 6 valence electrons according to the electron configuration table?

• Group 16

• Group 14

• Group 17

• Group 2

Open Ended

Explain the importance of valence electrons in chemical bonding and how electron-dot notation helps represent them.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are correct rules for placing dots in electron-dot notation?

• No side can have more than two dots.

• Each side gets one dot before doubling up, except for hydrogen and helium.

• Dots must always be paired on each side.

• Hydrogen can have two dots.

Multiple Choice

Based on the Lewis structure periodic table, which of the following elements has five valence electrons?

• Nitrogen (N)

• Oxygen (O)

• Carbon (C)

• Neon (Ne)

Fill in the Blanks

The tendency of atoms to have eight electrons in their outer shell is called the

rule.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the difference between a shared pair and an unshared pair of electrons in a Lewis structure?

• A shared pair is involved in bonding between atoms, while an unshared pair is not.

• A shared pair is always represented by a dash, while an unshared pair is always represented by dots.

• A shared pair is found only in metals, while an unshared pair is found only in nonmetals.

• A shared pair contains more electrons than an unshared pair.

Open Ended

Explain what is the difference between the structural formula and the Lewis dot structure.

Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blank: An atom (or group of atoms) that has a positive or negative charge is called an

.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about cations is/are correct?

• Cations are formed when an atom loses electrons.

• Cations have more protons than electrons.

• Cations are always metals.

• Cations are negatively charged.

Multiple Choice

Based on the periodic table shown, which of the following elements is NOT a metal?

• Na

• Fe

• Al

• C

Open Ended

Describe the process by which a chlorine atom becomes a chloride ion, including the changes in its number of protons and electrons.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following elements is a nonmetal?

• Sodium (Na)

• Carbon (C)

• Magnesium (Mg)

• Aluminum (Al)

Open Ended

Explain the difference between a cation and an anion, including how each is formed.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements are correct about the formation of ions?

• A cation is formed when an atom gains electrons.

• An anion is formed when an atom gains electrons.

• A cation is formed when an atom loses electrons.

• An anion is formed when an atom loses electrons.

Fill in the Blanks

During the formation of sodium chloride, sodium loses one electron and chlorine

one electron.

Open Ended

Compare the electron configurations of sodium and magnesium after they form ions. What similarities and differences do you observe?

Multiple Choice

How many protons and electrons are present in S 2- ?

• 16 protons and 16 electrons

• 16 protons and 18 electrons

• 18 protons and 16 electrons

• 18 protons and 18 electrons

Fill in the Blanks

Cations are

than the atom they came from.

Open Ended

Compare and contrast the formation and size of cations and anions. What are the key differences in how metals and nonmetals form ions, and how does the gain or loss of electrons affect the size of the resulting ion?

Multiple Choice

What is the significance of valence electrons in chemical bonding?

• They determine the color of an element

• They are responsible for the chemical reactivity of an element

• They are found only in noble gases

• They are not involved in any chemical reactions

Open Ended

How do the rules for drawing Lewis dot structures help us visualize and understand chemical bonding?

Multiple Choice

Why is understanding valence electrons important in chemistry?

• Because they determine how atoms interact and bond with each other.

• Because they are found in the nucleus of the atom.

• Because they are responsible for the color of compounds.

• Because they are only present in metals.