DNA/Protein Synthesis/Gene Expression/Mutations 7A/7B/6B/7C

Gene Expression & Components of DNA 6B/7A

Multiple Choice

Cell expression is regulated by:

• internal factors

• external factors

• both

Multiple Choice

All your cells have the same:

• shape

• size

• DNA

• Transcription factors

Multiple Choice

Undifferentiated cells are called:

• stem cells

• nerve cells

• eye cells

• skin cells

Multiple Choice

All your cells have the same DNA

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

6D From a single fertilized ovum undergoing a series of rapid cell divisions, a human infant develops. The embryonic cells become specialized for a variety of functions. Which of these statements best describes how different cell types develop?

• Each cell type contains only the active parts of the DNA needed for that cell type.

• Each cell type has only one chromosome containing the DNA needed for that cell type.

• Each cell has an identical copy of DNA with enzymes controlling the expression of specific genes, leading to a variety of cells.

• Each cell has multiple copies of DNA that are affected in different ways by the environment to change the function of the cell at regular intervals.

Multiple Choice

What is the name for undifferentiated cells?

• Skin cells

• Stem cells

• Mitotic cells

• Egg cells

Multiple Choice

The process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function.

• cell multiplication
• cell division
• mitosis
• cell differentiation

Multiple Choice

6D Human bone, muscle, and nerve cells all contain the same number of chromosomes with the same complement of genes. What enables these cells to perform specialized activities?

• The ability of some cells to remove unnecessary DNA sequences

• The regulation of gene expression within each cell type

• The regulation of gene expression within each cell type

• The use of different methods of cell division

Multiple Choice

6D CRISPR-Cas9 is a genetic modification technique that edits parts of the genome of an organism. Using this technique scientists can add, remove, or modify sections of the DNA sequence.

How can scientists use this technique to control gene expression?

• By activating or deactivating specific genes

• By calculating the number of genes different organisms produce

• By identifying how closely related one individual is to another

• By determining the number of chromosomes in an organism

Multiple Choice

Cell differentiation occurs when —

• DNA is deleted during the cell cycle

• mutations develop in the DNA of an organism

• specific genes in DNA are activated by environmental factors

• different types of cells in the same organism contain different DNA

Multiple Choice

Gene expression is regulated by:

• Internal factors

• External factors

• Both

Multiple Select

Which are internal factors that influence gene expression?

Select two answers

• Genetics

• Temperature

• Mutations

• Drugs

• Radiation

Multiple Select

Which are external factors that influence gene expression?

Select two answers

• Mutations

• Temperature

• Gender

• Genetics

• Drugs

Internal or External Factor?

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

6D: The arctic fox inhabits northern areas of North America. The same arctic fox is shown in the drawing at different times of the year. What causes this change in fur color?

• The alleles for fur color change as the arctic fox grows older

• Gene expression for fur color is regulated by latitude

• The arctic fox has two traits for fur color that are determined at birth

• Gene expression for fur color is regulated by temperature

Multiple Choice

6D At birth Himalayan rabbits are usually white over their entire bodies. But when parts of their bodies reach temperatures below 35°C, a pigment that causes these parts to turn black is produced. Which of the following is most likely the cause of this phenomenon?

• Poor blood circulation

• Infection caused by cold temperatures

• Gene expression that is regulated by temperature

• A trait that is both sex-linked and hormone-dependent

Multiple Choice

Which of the following biomolecules does DNA fall under?

• Protein

• Nucleic Acids

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

Open Ended

Where is DNA found in Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes?

Hint: Use the vocabulary words cytoplasm, and Nucleus

​https://youtu.be/2KoLnIwoZKU?si=8eWdXUaMUppUErre

​https://youtu.be/2KoLnIwoZKU?si=8eWdXUaMUppUErre

Multiple Choice

The two strands of nitrogenous bases in DNA are joined by which type of bond?

• polar bonds
• ionic bonds
• covalent bonds
• hydrogen bonds

Multiple Choice

Eight components present in nucleic acids are listed in the box. Which components bond with adenine in a section of double stranded DNA?

• 1, 3, 5, and 6 only

• 3 and 5 only

• 2 and 4 only

• 3, 4, 7, and 8 only

Protein Synthesis and Mutations
7B & 7C

​Protein Synthesis 7B

Labelling

Label the image using the key words:

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Nucleus

Codon

Ribosome

Translation

DNA

mRNA

tRNA

Amino Acid

Transcription

Anticodon

​Mutations 7C

Chromosomal Mutations

• There are 4 types of chromosomal mutations

• Duplication

• Inversion

• Deletion

• Translocation

Duplication

Part of the chromosome is "copied & pasted" back into itself.

Inversion

Part of the chromosome is flipped so that the genes are reversed in order.

Deletion

Part of the chromosome is removed and lost.

Translocation

Section of two non-homologous chromosomes are switched.

This is not like crossing over because the pieces are not equivalent!

Crossing Over

Crossing over is not considered to be a mutation.

During crossing over, homologous chromosomes exchange equivalent sections of their genes.

This process naturally occurs in Prophase I.

Multiple Choice

A sequence of a DNA template strand is 3’ TCC AAT GGC TTA TTT GCA 5’.

 

Which of these is the correct amino acid chain produced from the DNA template strand?

• Arginine - Leucine - Proline - Asparagine - Lysine -Arginine

• Arginine - Phenylalanine - Leucine - Glycine - Asparagine- Phenylalanine

• Serine - Leucine - Proline - Asparagine - Lysine - Arginine

• Tryptophan - Phenylalanine - Leucine - Glycine - Asparagine - Serine

Labelling

Identify the correct labels for each type of chromosomal mutation.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Translocation

Deletion

Duplication

Inversion

Match

Match the following CHROMOSOME MUTATIONS

DELETION

TRANSLOCATION

DUPLICATION

INVERSION

• DELETION

• TRANSLOCATION

• DUPLICATION

• INVERSION

Multiple Choice

A model of a biological process is shown. 

What is the purpose of the process?

• To replicate the DNA of an organism before cell division

• To assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA template

• To synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic code

• To translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids

Multiple Choice

DNA holds the code for

• lipids

• carbohydrates

• protein

• sugar

Multiple Select

How is a protein produced? Select two answers.

• Cellular respiration

• Photosynthesis

• Translation

• DNA Replication

• Transcription

Multiple Select

Select all the statements that apply to mutations:

• Mutations are a source of genetic variation

• ALL mutations are passed down to the offspring

• Mutations are random

• Mutations are changes in DNA sequences

• Mutations are always bad

Multiple Choice

What process is happening in the diagram?

• transcription

• translation

• dna replication

• mitosis

Multiple Choice

Mutated DNA sequences that can be passed from parent to offspring --

• occur in somatic cells (body cells)

• occur in gametic cells (sex cells)

• are rejected by meiosis

• only occur if the parent is exposed to harmful substances

Open Ended

6C Part of an important cellular process involving a DNA strand is modeled.

Name the process, and what's the purpose of this cellular process?

Multiple Choice

6E: The survival of a species depends on its ability to adapt to changes in the environment. A species must be capable of surviving and reproducing despite changes to food sources, climate, or threats from predators. Which statement correctly describes a way that mutations increase the likelihood that a species will survive in a changing environment?

• Mutations are a source of variation in the species

• Mutations are the cause of disease in the species

• Mutations are not harmful when they occur in the somatic cells of the species

• Mutations are always passed on to subsequent generations of the species

Multiple Choice

which process is shown?

• diffusion
• repiration
• recombination
• translation

Multiple Choice

Sickle-shaped red blood cells result from a mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin. This mutation results in sickle-cell anemia. A partial sequence of bases from a normal hemoglobin gene and a sequence that results in sickle-cell anemia are shown below. 

Which of the following describes the type of mutation depicted above?

• Occurs due to the deletion of several nucleotides

• Occurs due to the replacement of several nucleotides

• Occurs due to a single nucleotide replacement

• Occurs due to the rearrangement of a chromosome

Multiple Choice

6C: The initial steps in gene expression are modeled above. Double-stranded DNA first unwinds into two strands. Which process and product are represented in Diagram 2?

• Process: transcription; product: mRNA

• Process: translation; product: protein

• Process: replication; product: tRNA

• Process: recombination; product: polymerase

Multiple Choice

Which of these is the direct result of an error in the transcription of a DNA nucleotide?

• The nuclear membrane is ruptured.

• Amino acids do not bond to tRNA.

• A codon sequence is incorrect.

• Transportation of mRNA does not occur.

Multiple Choice

The image above shows an amino acid attached to which type of molecule?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

• Protein

Match

Match the codon with its amino acid

• ACC

• CCA

• UAG

• AUG

• GAC

THR

PRO

stop

MET

ASP

• THR

• PRO

• stop

• MET

• ASP

Multiple Choice

Which shows a insertion mutation from the following DNA strand:

GATCATGTA

• GATCATCTA

• GATCATGGTA

• GATATGTA

• GATCATGTA

Multiple Choice

A cellular process is shown. Which of these is the most likely result of the process shown in the diagram?

• Chromosome replication will cease to avoid errors that result in mutations.

• Offspring will no longer express traits from previous generations.

• Gametes will contain new allele combinations.

• Chromatids will have less genetic variety.

Multiple Choice

6E: A certain mutation in the gene for hemoglobin results in the red blood cells becoming sticky, rigid, and irregularly shaped. These irregularly shaped red blood cells block the flow of blood throughout the body. A single base mutation is responsible for these irregularly shaped blood cells. Which of these mutations most likely results in the mutated hemoglobin?

• Insertion

• Deletion

• Duplication

• Substitution

Open Ended

6E: Different types of mutations can occur in DNA. The diagram represents a type of mutation. Which statement describes the mutation in the diagram?

Match

Match the image to the correct GENE MUTATION

Substitution

Deletion

Insertion

• Substitution

• Deletion

• Insertion

Multiple Choice

A mutation in which only one nucleotide is altered is called a:

• Frameshift Mutation

• Deletion Mutation

• Point Mutation

• Insertion Mutation