Introduction to Genetics

Different forms of genes:

• alleles
• phenotype
• genotype
• homologous chromosomes

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An organism's appearance or other observable characteristics:

• phentoype
• genotype
• recessive
• dominant

Having two of the SAME alleles for a trait (example HH or hh):

• homozygous
• heterozygous
• recessive
• dominant

What do the letters inside the grid of a Punnett square represent?

• phenotypes of parents
• genotypes of offspring
• testcrosses of offspring
• chromosomes of parents

An organism's genetic make-up:

• phenotype
• genotype
• dominant
• recessive

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If a pea plant were homozygous recessive for height, how would its alleles be represented?

• TT
• Tt
• tt
• tT

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Mendel's law of segregation states that during meiosis, the alleles that control each trait separate, and only _________________ from each pair is/are passed to the offspring

• one allele
• the dominant trait
• two alleles
• the recessive trait

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A distinguishing characteristic that can be inherited is a(n)

• cross
• allele
• gene
• trait

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In plants, tall (T) is dominant over short (t).
If a heterozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a short pea plant, what are the possible genotypes of the future offspring?
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• 100% Tt
• 50% Tt, 50% tt
• 75%Tt, 25%tt
• 25%TT, 50%Tt, 25%tt

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In plants, being short is the recessive gene.
Two heterozygous plants are crossed. What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?
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• 1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt
  3 tall; 1 short
• 1 Tall : 2 Medium : 3 Short
  100% tall
• 3 TT : 1 tt
  2 tall; 2 short
• 3 Tall : 1 Short
  100% short

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