Evidence for Big Bang Theory

How do temperature variations found withing cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) provide evidence for the big bang theory?

• These temp variations are decreasing at a predictable rate as the CMB cools; from the rate, you can calculate when the CMB was first generated

• These temp variations are increasing at a predictable rate as the CMB becomes more radioactive; from this rate, you can calculate when the CMB was first generated.

• These temperature variations represent age differences; cooler temperatures represent older regions of the universe. Areas with cooler temperatures are closer to the location where scientists think the universe originated.

• These temp variations represent density differences, which represent areas with more or less matter in the early universe. Areas with more matter correspond to the same areas that consist of large clusters of galaxies today.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

An astronomer observes that the light emitted by a distant star appears redder than predicted based on the star's size and temperature. What is the most likely causing this difference?

• The star is moving towards Earth, causing its light to decrease in wavelength.

• The star is moving away from Earth, causing its light to increase in wavelength.

• As the light from the star passes through Earth's atmostphere, it refracts and decreases in wavelength.

• As the light from the star passes through Earth's atmosphere, it refracts and increases in wavelength.

Which of the following statements is true about galaxies.

• No galaxies in the universe exhibit blueshift

• No galaxies in the universe exhibit redshift

• Most galaxies in the universe exhibit blueshift

• Most galaxies in the universe exhibit redshift

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

A student argues that if the big bang theory were correct, the first element to appear in the universe would have been uranium, the largest naturally occurring element; the uranium atoms would have decayed over time to produce all the other elements in the universe. Is this correct?

• Yes. According to the big bang theory, all the elements that exist naturally in the universe derive from urnaium.

• No. The largest naturally occurring element in the universe is plutonium. According to the big bang theory, all the elements that exist naturally derive from plutonium.

• No. According to the big bang theory, all the elements in the universe appeared at the same time. The equal amounts of these elements in the universe is evidence for the big bang theory.

• No. According to the big bang theory, the simplest elements, hydrogen and helium, appeared first. The relative abundance of these elements in the universe is evidence for the big bang theory.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

An astronomer observes that light emitted by a distant star appears bluer than predicted based on the star's size and temperature. What is most likely causing this difference?

• The star is moving toward Earth, causing its light to decrease in wavelength

• The star is moving away from Earth, causing its light to increase in wavelength

• As the light from the star passes through Earth's atmosphere, it refracts and decreases in wavelength.

• As the light from the star passes through Earth's atomosphere, it refracts and increases in wavelength.

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NGSS.HS-PS4-1

A student states that the universe formed during a series of events in which huge amounts of matter and energy expanded from several extremely dense points. Is this student's belief consistent with the big bang theory?

• Yes. According to the Big Bang, the universe formed during a series of events in which huge amounts of matter and energy expanded from several extremely dense points.

• No. According to the big bang, the universe has always existed in its current state, with a constants average density.

• No. According to the big bang, the universe formed during a single event in which all matter and energy suddenly expanded from an extremely dense point.

• No. According to the big bang, each version of the universe contracts until all matter collides at a central point, then explodes outward to begin the process again with a new universe.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

Why are the 2 most common elements in the universe hydrogen and helium?

• They are the most complex

• They are the simplest

• They are the most durable

• They are the least affected by gravity

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-1

Which of the following is evidence that supports the Big Bang theory?

• The redshift of most galaxies

• The measurable expansion of the universe

• The existence of cosmic background radiation

• All of these

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

Which term describes the apparent shift of light wavelengths toward the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum when a luminous object is moving away from Earth?

• blueshift

• infrared shift

• redshift

• ultraviolet shift

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

The amount of hydrogen and helium found in the universe is _____ the Big Bang theory.

• less than what's predicted by
• much greater than what's predicted by
• exactly what's predicted by
• doesn't have anything to do with

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2