June 2018 Living Environment Exam part D

The diagram below represents the major parts of a growing onion plant. Nutrients are represented in the soil around the onion.

• (1) Only nutrients needed by the plant enter root cells.

• (2) The nutrients usually move from an area of high concentration in the soil to an area of low concentration in root cells.

• (3) Nutrients always move into the plant cells by active transport.

• (4) The nutrients always move from an area of low concentration in the soil to an area of high concentration in root cells.

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Which concept is correctly matched with an example from The Beaks of Finches lab?

• (1) Variation – different “beaks” were available.

• (2) Adaptation – different types of foods were available.

• (3)Selecting Agent – an insecticide was used to kill insects on one island.

• (4) Environment – “beaks” with similar qualities were used to gather seeds.

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When comparing characteristics of two organisms, which evidence would be considered the strongest for supporting a possible evolutionary relationship?

• (1) The two organisms are the same color.

• (2) The two organisms are the same height.

• (3) The two organisms produce many of the same proteins.

• (4) The two organisms are found in the same locations.

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A and B below represent two different slide preparations of elodea leaves. Elodea is a plant found in streams and ponds in New York State. The water used on slide A contained 1% salt and 99% water. The salt solution used on slide B contained 6% salt and 94% water. Elodea cells normally contain 1% salt.

Five minutes after the slides were prepared, a student using a compound light microscope to observe the cells in leaves A and B would most likely see that

• (1) water had moved out of the cells of the leaf on slide A

• (2) salt had moved into the cells of the leaf on slide A

• (3) water had moved out of the cells of the leaf on slide B

• (4) salt had moved out of the cells of the leaf on slide B

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The table below shows the food sources for two different species of Galapagos finches on an island.

• Their food may only be available in certain areas on the island and the foods are different

• There is not enough room for them

• They do not all like bugs.

• They do not want to live around people.

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During a lab activity, a 14-year-old student took his resting pulse rate. He counted 20 beats in 20 seconds. He calculated his pulse rate for a minute and compared the result to the data shown in the table below.

According to the data table, does the student’s pulse rate fall within the normal range?

• Yes. His heart rate is in the the range for his age group

• Yes. His rate of 100 beats per minute puts him in the children range.

• No. His rate of 80 beats per minute puts him in the adult range.

• No. His heart rate is below the range for his age group

Using a biological explanation, state one reason why a person’s heart rate increases during exercise.

• During exercise, there is a decrease in carbon dioxide, which causes the heart to beat faster

• Their heart rate increases because they are tired.

• When the heart beats faster, it increases the flow of carbon dioxide-rich blood to the muscles

• When the heart beats faster, it increases the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the muscles

The chart below shows the molecular comparison between several species

Identify which species is likely to be more closely related to Botana curus. Support your answer

• X. They have the same amino acid sequence

• X. They have more mRNA i common

• Y. They have more DNA in common

• Z. They have the same amino acid sequence

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A factor that contributed to the evolution of finches on the Galapagos Islands was most likely the

• (1) lack of variation in beak structure of the finches

• (2) isolation of the finches on separate islands

• (3) relatively constant atmospheric temperature

• (4) total lack of competition for food

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A starch solution in a test tube was separated from the water in a beaker by a dialysis membrane. One hour later, it was observed that the liquid had risen in the test tube.

The rise of the liquid in the test tube that was observed after one hour can be explained as a result of the

• (1) starch solution moving into the test tube and out of the beaker

• (2) water moving from the beaker into the test tube

• (3) large starch molecules blocking the dialysis membrane

• (4) dialysis membrane acting as a barrier to the water molecules

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