Chapter 1 The Components of Life Review for State Test (2019)

The diagram below shows the structure of a starch molecule. What is the name of the units labeled “X” in the diagram?

• nucleotide

• peptide

• amino acid

• Monosaccharide

Like carbohydrates and lipids, proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. What other element do proteins also contain?

• sulfur

• magnesium

• phosphorus

• nitrogen

Your body uses enzymes to help digest food. Without these digestive enzymes, which of the following would be true?

• digestion would require too much energy to occur

• digestion would occur too quickly

• digestion would lack a key reactant

• digestion would occur at a lower temperature

A plant produces polysaccharide chains to form cellulose and starch. How are cellulose and starch classified?

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• proteins

• nucleotides

The enzyme trypsin is produced in the pancreas and released into the small intestine to digest protein. Trypsin breaks down protein into which components?

• monosaccharides

• lipids

• amino acids

• nucleic acids

The substance shown above is produced what part of a eukaryotic cell?

• cell wall

• nucleus

• ribosomes

• Vacuoles

Most energy that is used in the human body is stored as ___.

• proteins

• carbohydrates

• vitamins

• Carbon

A molecule with a structure composed primarily of amino acids would be classified in which of the following groups?

• lipids

• proteins

• nucleic acids

• Carbohydrates

Which molecule has a structure with a ratio of 1:2:1?

• carbohydrates

• nucleic acid

• lipid

• Protein

Which one characteristic would cause scientists to determine that an unknown object is living as opposed to non living?

• The observation of movement

• The presence of one or more cells

• The presence of organic macromolecules, such

  as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, or nucleic acids

• The ability of the object to use energy