Living Environment - Regents Review August 2018

Which human activity most directly causes a significant increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

• growing corn for food

• not using products containing plastics

• driving cars long distances

• planting large numbers of trees

An immune response is primarily due to the body's white blood cells recognizing

• a hormone imbalance

• abiotic organisms

• foreign antigens

• known antibiotics

In an effort to reduce the number of deaths due to malaria, scientists have successfully introduced a gene into mosquitoes. The gene makes the mosquitoes unable to support development of the parasite that causes malaria. The technique used to produce this new variety of mosquito is most likely

• chromotography

• genetic engineering

• electrophoresis of genes

• selective breeding

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The organic compounds that scientists use to cut, copy, and move segments of DNA are

• carbohydrates

• enzymes

• hormones

• starches

Scientists have found a gene that makes a protein called PKG that controls certain behaviors in many types of ants. The soldier ant will help collect food when it has a low level of PKG. When it has a high level of PKG, the soldier ant will protect and defend its colony. Soldier ants that are given PKG are more likely to ignore food sources and attack intruders. Which conclusion can best be made from this information?

• PKG protein is synthesized only by the soldier ants.

• Genes control which type of amino acids a cell can make.

• Eating too much protein makes some organisms very aggressive.

• The behavior of soldier ants is controlled in part by the PKG protein.

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Genetic researchers have discovered a number of different gene mutations that have led to the development of cancer. These mutations affect how frequently a cell reproduces. Which process would be directly influenced by these mutations?

• differentiation of cells in an embryo

• meiotic cell division

• division of sperm and egg cells

• mitotic cell division

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Lobsters are crustaceans related to crayfish, crabs, and shrimp. Most lobsters are a reddish-brown color, but on rare occasions, they can be orange, blue, or even multicolored. These color differences can be caused by

• genetic variations

• different numbers of offspring

• overpopulation and excessive resources

• the instability of the ecosystem

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Which two factors could lead to the evolution of a species over time?

• overproduction of offspring and no variation

• changes in the genes of body cells and extinction

• struggle for survival and fossilization

• changes in the genes of sex cells and survival of the fittest

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As human red blood cells mature, they lose their nuclei. As a result of this loos, which process would be impossible for mature red blood cells to carry out?

• excretion

• respiration

• reproduction

• transport

To clone a mammal, a cloned embryo is often put into an adult female of the same species to continue internal development. The struture in which the embryo will develop is the

• ovary

• placenta

• uterus

• egg