Unit 2 Cell Structure and Function AP Biology

Which is true of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells.
• Eukaryotic cells do not have nuclei, and prokaryotic cells do have nuclei.
• Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, and eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.
• Eukaryotic cells are simpler than prokaryotic cells.

Where is the DNA found in a prokaryotic cell? 

• floating around in the cytoplasm 
• in the nucleus 
• in the ribosomes
• attached to the cell membrane

Membrane-bound organelles have been an

important component in the evolution of complex,

multicellular organisms. Which of the following

best summarizes an advantage of eukaryotic cells

having internal membranes?

• Eukaryotic cells are able to reproduce faster because of the presence of organelles.

• Some organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, are similar to prokaryotic cells in structure.

• Organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency.

• Compartmentalization leads to a higher mutation rate in DNA, which leads to more new species.

Which of the following depicts the most probable pathway of processing and packaging a secretory protein within a eukaryotic cell?

• Secretory vesicles → rough endoplasmic

  reticulum → Golgi body → cell membrane

• Rough endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi body

  → secretory vesicles → cell membrane

• Golgi body → secretory vesicles → rough

  endoplasmic reticulum → cell membrane

• Secretory vesicles → Golgi body → rough

  endoplasmic reticulum → cell membrane

Dialysis tubing is permeable to water molecules but not to sucrose. Four dialysis tubes are half filled with 5 percent, 10 percent, 20 percent, and 40 percent sucrose solutions, respectively, and two dialysis tubes are half filled with distilled water. The dialysis tubes are all sealed at both ends, and the initial masses are determined. Five dialysis tubes are placed into beakers containing distilled water, and the sixth dialysis tube, containing distilled water, is placed into a 40 percent sucrose solution. The masses of the dialysis tubes are recorded at 30-minute intervals for 90 minutes, as shown in the table above. The contents of which dialysis tube are initially isotonic to the distilled water in the beaker?

• 3

• 4

• 5

• 6

Dialysis tubing is permeable to water molecules but not to sucrose. Four dialysis tubes are half filled with 5 percent, 10 percent, 20 percent, and 40 percent sucrose solutions, respectively, and two dialysis tubes are half filled with distilled water. The dialysis tubes are all sealed at both ends, and the initial masses are determined. Five dialysis tubes are placed into beakers containing distilled water, and the sixth dialysis tube, containing distilled water, is placed into a 40 percent sucrose solution. The masses of the dialysis tubes are recorded at 30-minute intervals for 90 minutes, as shown in the table above. A net movement of water into the beaker occurs in which of the following dialysis tubes?

• 3

• 4

• 5

• 6

Which statement is correct about diffusion?

• It's very rapid over long distances.
• It's a passive process which molecules move from a region of higher to lower concentration.
• It requires an energy expenditure by the cell.
• It's an active process where molecules move from a region of lower to higher concentration.

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are they?

• Bacteria & Protista
• Bacteria & Archaea
• Bacteria & Eukarya
• Archaea & Protista

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

• central vacuole
• chloroplast
• wall made of cellulose
• mitochondrion

Which of the following is major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?

• evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes.
• the need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs.
• limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases
• the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes