Evolution

The endosymbiotic theory of eukaryote evolution states that organelles in eukaryotic cells are derived from bacteria. Which statement is the STRONGEST evidence in support of the endosymbiotic theory of eukaryote evolution?

• Eukaryote organelles contain DNA similar to bacterial DNA.

• Eukaryote organelles stop functioning outside of a plant cell.

• Eukaryote organelles are similar in size and shape to bacteria.

• Eukaryote organelles can reproduce through sexual reproduction.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

According to the endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the chloroplast originated from which organelle?

• the lysosome of an engulfed prokaryotic cell

• the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell

• the cell membrane of an eukaryotic host cell

• the chloroplast of an eukaryotic host cell

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Which cellular organelle is thought to have evolved from a prokaryote that was able to use oxygen?

• Chrloplast

• Golgi Apparatus

• Mitochondria

• Ribosome

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Scientists believe that the Earth's early atmosphere lacked __________ gas because photosynthetic organisms did not yet exist.

• Hydrogen

• Nitrogen

• Sulfur

• Oxygen

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The Paramecium is a single-celled, eukaryotic protist that survives and thrives today. Based on current theory, from which organism did the Paramecium and all other single-celled organisms evolve?

• Plants

• Bacteria

• Yeast Cell

• Another Protist

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The theory of endosymbiosis suggests that chloroplasts and mitochondria were once free-living prokaryotes, that were engulfed by larger prokaryotic cells. Eventually, this relationship lead to the development of eukaryotic cells with cellular organelles. These organelles included mitochondria, and in some cases, chloroplasts.

Why would engulfing these smaller prokaryotic cells be an advantage to the larger prokaryotic cells?

• The smaller prokaryotic cell would be protected by the larger cell.

• The smaller prokaryotic cell produced the proteins needed by the larger cell.

• The smaller prokaryotic cells would provide a source of energy to the larger cells.

• The smaller prokaryotic cell provided genetic information so the larger cell could evolve.

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According to the theory of _____________, mitochondria in cells today are the descendants of aerobic prokaryotes that used oxygen to generate energy.

• endosymbiosis

• ingestion

• mutualism

• parasitism

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Before organisms with nuclei evolved, life on earth consisted only of unicellular

• eukaryotes

• fungi

• protists

• prokaryotes

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The organelle pictured is found in cells of ______________ and is theorized to have once been an independent organism.

• heterozygous dominant

• heterotrophic autotrophs

• photosynthetic autotrophs

• heterotrophic lactotrophs

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The theory of endosymbiosis suggests that the ancestors of mitochondria were

• formed due an error in cytokinesis.

• once free-living heterotrophic prokaryotic cells.

• parasitic cells that lived within more complex organisms.

• once free-living cells that remained joined after mitosis.

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