VCE PE Random Revision #1

The rate of fitness improvement as shown in the graph is known as

• diminishing returns.

• retraining.

• de-training.

• maintenance.

Answer explanation

The question is asking about the term used to describe the rate of fitness improvement shown in a graph. 'Maintenance' refers to the ability to maintain a certain fitness level over time, which is consistent with the concept of a rate of improvement. Therefore, the correct answer is 'maintenance'.

An athlete is said to be in oxygen deficit when their oxygen uptake is

• less than oxygen demand to produce energy anaerobically.

• greater than oxygen demand to produce energy anaerobically.

• equal to oxygen demand to produce energy anaerobically.

• below resting oxygen levels to produce energy aerobically

Answer explanation

In the context of the question, an athlete is considered to be in oxygen deficit when the oxygen uptake is less than the demand to produce energy anaerobically. This means the body is not getting enough oxygen to meet the increased energy demands during intense exercise. As a result, the body starts producing energy anaerobically, which is less efficient and leads to fatigue faster.

During a coaching clinic, Tara is told she will be required to practice 5 forehands, followed by 5 backhands and then needs to come into the net to play 5 forehand volleys.

What type of practice is this an example of?

• Massed Practice

• Random Practice

• Blocked Practice

• Distributed Practice

Answer explanation

In this question, Tara has to practice some tasks in a fixed and predictable order: 5 forehands, 5 backhands, and 5 forehand volleys. This sequential and predictable nature is characteristic of Blocked Practice, where a skill is learned by repeated performance, making it the correct choice.

The correct formula to calculate momentum is:

• force x time.

• mass x velocity.

• mass x acceleration

• force x inertia.

Answer explanation

The correct formula to calculate momentum is given by 'mass x velocity.' This is because momentum, a measure of the motion of an object, depends on both the mass of the object and its velocity. It's not related to force, time, acceleration or inertia.

At exercise intensities above the Lactate Inflection Point (LIP), there will be a rapid increase in blood lactate levels due to

• an increase in aerobic ATP production

• an increase in contribution from the ATP–PC system.

• the rate of lactate production exceeding removal.

• an increase in oxygen being delivered to the working muscles.

Answer explanation

The Lactate Inflection Point (LIP) is the exercise intensity at which the blood concentration of lactate begins to exponentially increase. When exercise intensities exceed the LIP, the rate of lactate production surpasses the rate at which the body can remove it. This is not related to an increase in aerobic ATP production, the ATP-PC system, or oxygen delivery to muscles.

Chloe has used High Intensity Interval Training for the last 12 months as part of his efforts to gain national selection. This would result in the following chronic adaptation at the muscular level:

• Decreased resting heart rate

• Increased alveoli surface area

• Increased contractile tissue strength

• Increased oxidative enzymes

Answer explanation

High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is known to cause various physiological adaptations at the muscular level. One such adaptation is the increase in oxidative enzymes. This is because HIIT involves exercises that require quick and intense maximal activity. The work to rest ratio is 1:1 so the heart rate does not return to resting between work phases. HIIT training has been found to create aerobic adaptations quicker than continuous training. HIIT training is designed to target the aerobic energy system, leading to increased activity and quantity of oxidative enzymes.

The graph shows the optimal timing of body parts in order to optimally transfer momentum and maximise the distance a ball can be thrown.

• A: wrist, B: elbow, C: shoulder

• A: shoulder, B: elbow, C: wrist

• A: legs, B: elbow, C: shoulder

• A: legs, B: shoulder, C: elbow

Answer explanation

The optimal sequence to transfer momentum for maximum throw distance is first engaging the legs, followed by the shoulder, and finally the elbow, as represented in the correct answer. This sequence allows the best utilisation of body's mechanical advantage and kinetic chain, enhancing the throw distance.

A symptom of overtraining is

• a decreased resting heart rate.

• increased body weight.

• a slower return to resting heart rate after exercise.

• improved sleep quality.

Answer explanation

Overtraining can cause a variety of physiological changes. One such symptom includes a slower return to resting heart rate after exercise. This is because overtraining may result in an increased load on the body as well as increased levels of the hormones cortisol and adrenaline keeping heart rate elevated. This is in contrast to a healthy training regimen, which typically results in a quicker return to resting heart rate.

The rate of ATP production and the amount of ATP produced by each of the three energy systems is different.

Which of the following is true for the ATP-CP system?

• fast rate, high yield

• slow rate, low yield

• fast rate, low yield

• slow rate, high yield

Answer explanation

The ATP-CP system is known for its rapid production of ATP but in limited quantities. Hence, the correct option is 'fast rate, low yield'. The ATP-CP system can supply energy at a rapid rate but has a finite yield and therefore will fatigue quicker than the anaerobic glycolysis or the aerobic energy systems.

For an untrained athlete, which of the following is a chronic response to the long-interval training program shown below?

• increased maximum heart rate

• improved fatty acid oxidation

• increased percentage of slow-twitch fibres

• increased fast-twitch ‘a’ fibre size

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'improved fatty acid oxidation'. This is because long-interval training stimulates the body's ability to oxidise the stored triglycerides that are converted to fatty acids for circulation in the blood. Fats are an essential fuel source during prolonged exercise. As a result, an untrained athlete would experience an improvement in their capacity to oxidise fatty acids after undergoing this type of training.