Logic

What is a LOGIC ARGUMENT?

• A series of conclusions that support a premise.

• A series of propositions called premises that try to provide support to another proposition: the conclusion.

• A reason that supports a belief.

• A method of reasoning that has two premises and one conclusion.

What is a PROPOSITION?

• Claim or statement. Something that can be true or false

• Reason that supports a conclusion

• A proposition is a belief

• "A, ante, bajo, cabe, con, contra, de, desde, en, entre, hacia, hasta, durante..."

What are PREMISES and CONCLUSION?

• A premise is the last proposition from an argument and the conclusion is the reason why you believe that.

• Premises are propositions that give proof, evidence and support to the conclusion: the belief.

• Premises are propositions that try to prove that the conclusion is false.

• If the premises are false the conclusion can be true.

What is the difference beween a DEDUCTIVE argument and an INDUCTIVE argument?

• Deductive arguments = conclusions that are necessarily true.

  Inductive arguments = conclusions that are just probably true.

• Deductive arguments = conclusions that are probably true.

  Inductive arguments = conclusions that are just pnecessarily true.

• Deductive argument = based on true premises.

  Inductive argument = based on false premises.

• Deductive arguments are good and inductive arguments are bad.

What is a SYLLOGISM?

• Method of reasoning that has two premises and one conclusion.

• Method of reasoning that has three propositions + conclusion.

• Method of reasoning that can have many premises (more than two) but only one conclusion.

• It is a kind of logic argument that has a conclusion that is just probably true.

Choose the correct logic form for

“If I am Catholic, then I believe in God. I do not believe in God. Therefore, I am not Catholic”.

• Modus Ponens:

  (( p → q ) ∧ p) Ͱ q

• Modus Tollens:

  (( p → q ) ∧ ¬q) Ͱ ¬p

• Disjunctive Syllogism:

  (( p ∨ q ) ∧ (¬p) Ͱ q

• Negation: ¬p

Choose the correct logic form for:

“If you follow an Abrahamic Religion, then you are theist. If you are theist, then you believe in God. Therefore, if you follow an Abrahamic Religion, you believe in God”.

• Modus Ponens:

  (( p → q ) ∧ p) Ͱ q

• Modus Tollens:

  (( p → q ) ∧ ¬q) Ͱ p

• Disjunctive Syllogism:

  (( p ∨ q ) ∧ (¬p) Ͱ q

• Hypothetical Syllogism:

  (( p → q ) ∧ (q → r) Ͱ p → r