AP Comparative Unit 2

In Iran, the chief justice of the judiciary is

• appointed by the Supreme Leader

• appointed by the Guardian Council

• appointed by the president and confirmed by the Guardian Council

• chosen by majority vote in the Assembly of Religious Experts

Which of the following statements is true with regard to the judicial systems in Nigeria and Iran?

• Both systems reflect the British influence in following both codified and common law.

• Both systems are reflective of the Napoleonic influence and have only codified law.

• Both systems have elements of Shari’ah law incorporated into their judicial systems.

• Both systems reject the concept of human rights being protected by a constitution.

Which of the following is the most substantial cause of the weak judiciary in Russia?

• The Russian judiciary does not have the power of judicial review.

• The Russian judiciary lacks a sufficient number of lawyers and judges, since most of them fell out of favor when communism collapsed.

• The executive branch, which appoints judges, uses the courts to target opposition.

• Most Russian judges oppose President Putin and consistently rule against his government.

Which of the following is a consequence of the establishment of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom in 2009?

• The United Kingdom finally became a substantive democracy with a powerful system of judicial review over primary legislation.

• After the Supreme Court was established, justices began working on the legal groundwork for the British exit from the European Union, or Brexit.

• The United Kingdom is no longer bound by laws of the European Convention on Human Rights, at the insistence of British local judges.

• The doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty remains intact, which means the Supreme Court has limited powers and cannot overturn parliamentary legislation.

Which of the following caused the British government to establish a Supreme Court of the United Kingdom in 2009 ?

• It was determined that a permanent legal body be established with jurisdiction to resolve disputes relating to devolution in Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.

• British citizens believed that the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) was not adequately strong.

• The House of Lords no longer wanted any legal authority because they saw it as an impediment to democratic development.

• British citizens supported the theory of parliamentary sovereignty, trusting judges more than Parliament.

Russia’s prime minister is primarily responsible for which of the following?

• Serving as commander in chief of the armed forces

• Conducting foreign policy

• Appointing top ministers to the federal bureaucracy

• Overseeing the civil service

Which of the following sets the overall state agenda, serves as commander in chief, and appoints half the Guardian Council and all members of the Expediency Council in Iran?

• The Assembly of Experts

• The Prime Minister

• The President

• The Supreme Leader

Which of the following is an accurate description of the executive in Nigeria?

• The Nigerian president has no power over the military.

• The Nigerian president chooses the prime minister.

• The Nigerian president is the head of state and conducts foreign policy.

• The Nigerian president does not interact with the legislature.

Mexico's legislature is selected through

• single- member district elections.

• Proportional representation elections.

• a mixture of single-member district and proportional representation elections.

• presidential appointment.

Which of the following comparisons of the Nigerian and Mexican executives is true?

• Both Nigeria and Mexico elect their presidents by straight national popular vote. There are no other conditions or requirements.

• Nigeria's president is elected by popular vote, but he or she must win a minimum of 25% of the votes in at least 2/3 of Nigeria's 36 states. Mexico's president is elected by popular vote. There is no requirement that he or she win a majority of the popular vote.

• Nigeria's presidential candidates must be approved by the Nigerian sharia courts prior to gaining access to the ballot. Mexico's presidential candidates must be approved by the Catholic Church in Mexico.

• In Nigeria, the president is the head of state, while the Vice President is the head of government. In Mexico, the president is both the head of state and the head of government.