Sociology Ch 18- Deviance

It simply means being non-normative, different. It's anything that deviates from what people generally accept as normal.

• crime

• madness

• lunacy

• deviance

Attempts by society to regulate people's thoughts and behaviors in ways that limit, or punish, deviance.

• social ultimatum

• social supremacy

• social control

• social power

Negative social reactions to deviance.

• negative sanctions

• positive sanctions

• negative reinforcement

• positive reinforcement

Affirmative reactions to deviance, usually in response to conformity.

• negative sanctions

• positive sanctions

• negative reinforcement

• positive reinforcement

When norms are codified into law, and violation almost always results in negative sanctions from the criminal justice system -- the police, the courts, and the prison system.

• formal sanctions

• positive sanctions

• negative reinforcement

• positive reinforcement

______________________________ were based on the idea that something about a person's essential biology made them deviant.

• biologically essentialist explanations of deviance

• Scientific explanations of deviance

• psychological explanations of deviance

• sociologic explanations of deviance

Who theorized that deviants were basically subhuman, throwbacks to a more primitive version of humanity?

(He went so far as to suggest that deviants could be singled out based on physical characteristics, like a low forehead, stocky build, and prominent jaw and cheekbones, all of which he saw as reminiscent of our primate cousins.)

• Eleanor Glueck

• Sheldon Glueck

• Cesare Lombroso

• William Sheldon

_________________ places almost all the explanatory power in a person's environment. While some elements of personality may be inherited, __________ generally see personality as a matter of socialization. So they see deviance as a matter of improper or failed socialization.

• psychology approach to deviance-

  psychologists

• biology approach to deviance-

  biologists

• sociology approach to deviance-

  sociologists

• science approach to deviance-

  scientists

The idea that deviance is essentially a matter of impulse control or having a personality that contains deviant actions.

• containment theory

• confinement theory

• impulse control theory

• deviance theory

Both biological and psychological explanations link criminal deviance to individual factors -- either of body or of mind -- while leaving out other important factors, like peer influence or what opportunities for deviance different people might be exposed to. Both only understand deviance as a matter of abnormality. Neither biology nor psychology can answer the question of why the things that are deviant are considered deviant in the first place.

• True

• False