Civil Rights & Civil Liberties

To enforce the Fourteenth Amendment more clearly, Congress passed the

• Civil Rights Act of 1964
• Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act
• Social Security Act
• Twenty-sixth Amendment
• War Powers Resolution

The United States Supreme Court has used which of the following to incorporate the Bill of Rights into state law?

• The necessary and proper clause
• The Fourteenth Amendment
• The Judiciary Act of 1789
• The Civil Rights Act of 1964
• The Voting Rights Act of 1965

The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to

• expand presidential power
• restrict the application of judicial review
• make most rights contained in the Bill of Rights applicable to the states
• prevent states from taxing agencies of the federal government
• limit the use of the legislative veto

Which of the following applications of affirmative action would the United States Supreme Court likely consider unconstitutional?

• A company actively recruits women and minorities in its hiring practices for a federal contract.
• A state university refuses acceptance of any new applicants from a specific race.
• A university values racial diversity on its campus and considers race as one of many factors when considering applicants to its freshman class.
• The United States Department of Transportation hires a contractor with a history of hiring and promoting minorities and women for the construction of an interstate highway.

The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, the Equal Rights Amendment, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 were all directed toward the goal of

• protecting the rights of minority children in the schools
• overcoming discrimination based on sexual orientation
• racial justice
• equality for women
• affirmative action

The United States Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was based on which of the following?

• The First Amendment’s right to freedom of expression
• The Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause
• The Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection
• The Fourth Amendment’s exclusionary rule
• The Fifth Amendment’s power of eminent domain

Most of the individual protections of the Bill of Rights now apply to the states because of the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Constitution's

• Preamble
• necessary and proper clause
• supremacy clause
• Tenth Amendment
• Fourteenth Amendment

To which level of government did the Bill of Rights originally apply?

• State governments only
• Federal government only
• State and federal governments only
• Local and federal governments only
• Local, state, and federal governments

Which of the following would most likely be protected by the First Amendment?

• A reporter knowingly publishes a false story that injures the subject’s reputation.
• A student wears a black armband at school to protest government involvement in a war.
• An individual issues a threat against another individual on social media.
• An individual spray paints graffiti on a public building to protest a government action.

Which of the following best defines civil liberties?

• The freedom to refuse to obey laws an individual considers to be immoral violations of civil rights
• Provisions in the Bill of Rights that provide guarantees against arbitrary interference by government
• Precedents pertaining to criminal procedure that are set by the Supreme Court that are upheld in the lower courts
• Those features of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution that pertain to the actions of individuals and groups