Food webs like this one show feeding relationships in an ecosystem. Which of the following organisms in this food web is a producer?

III because this organism makes its own food.

I because this organism is not consumed by any other organisms.

II because this organism eats plants.

IV because this organism is food for the fox.

How does the process of photosynthesis affect Earth’s atmosphere?

Photosynthesis transfers oxygen to the atmosphere and removes carbon dioxide.

Photosynthesis transfers carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and removes oxygen.

Photosynthesis transfers oxygen to the atmosphere and removes carbohydrates.

Photosynthesis removes nitrogen and oxygen from the atmosphere.

The graph shows the atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide. How have human activities contributed to the trend in the data shown in the graph?

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have increased because the burning of fossil fuels releases carbon that otherwise would remain in the geosphere.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have remained steady because natural processes have balanced out human activities.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have increased because the increasing human population exhales a greater volume of carbon dioxide.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have increased because the burning of fossil fuels releases heat, which causes carbon dioxide to evaporate.

A carnivore obtains energy by eating other animals. Which of the following shows the process by which energy flows to a carnivorous animal?

light energy → plant → herbivore → carnivore

light energy → plant → carnivore

plant → light energy → herbivore → carnivore

light energy → herbivore → carnivore

Study this diagram, which shows how matter moves through the water cycle. Suppose that as a city grows, all of its surrounding forests are cut down and replaced by buildings, sidewalks, paved roads, parking lots, shopping malls, and suburbs. Which is the mostly likely consequence resulting from the destruction of the forests?

The area will get less rain because the amount of water vapor being released by plants will be greatly reduced.

Groundwater will rise to dangerously high levels because trees take in more water than smaller plants.

Groundwater will decrease greatly because more water will evaporate from rivers and streams if they do not have trees to shade them.

The area will get more rain because more water will evaporate from the ocean and enter the atmosphere.

The area will get less rain because the amount of water vapor being released by plants will be greatly reduced. What is the most likely explanation for the approximately constant population of the lacewings after the eighth year?

The lacewing population had reached the carrying capacity of the field.

The lacewings had eaten all of the aphids in the field.

New predators of lacewings had arrived in the field.

The birthrate of lacewings had increased, while the death rate remained constant.

A lake is home to many native fishes and aquatic plants. Which of these events is most likely to threaten the biodiversity of the lake ecosystem?

the introduction of a nonnative fish species that has no natural enemies in the lake

a 20 percent increase in the population of one of the native fish species

the arrival of migrating birds that prey on the native fishes

a storm that temporarily swells the lake and floods the surrounding land

The black-footed ferret lives on the grasslands of North America. The species is endangered because of habitat loss and disease. What change would cause the species to become extinct?

Habitat loss continues to such an extent that the carrying capacity for black-footed ferrets becomes zero.

Disease continues to kill a constant percentage of all black-footed ferrets during the first year of life.

The black-footed ferret population decreases until the birthrate equals the death rate.

The black-footed ferret population decreases low enough for other limiting factors to affect it.

A scientist is studying the age structure of a small country, which is shown in the following diagram. Which conclusion does the diagram most strongly support?

The population of the country is increasing at a rapid rate.

The population of the country is relatively stable, and neither increasing nor decreasing significantly.

In 50 years, about 20 percent of the population will be ages 0 to 4.

In 50 years, about 20 percent of the population will be ages 50 to 54.

For many years in the 1800s, human hunters on the U.S. Great Plains hunted bison almost to extinction. Which statement, if true, best explains why the hunters were such a threat to the bison population?

The death rate from hunting was much greater than the maximum birthrate of the bison.

The death rate from hunting was much greater than the natural death rate of the bison.

The hunting removed individuals of all ages, including very young bison.

Human hunters had replaced the natural predators of the bison.

A community is concerned about the effect of a proposed housing development on the biodiversity of a local pond. To mitigate the effect of the houses, the community is considering a ban on lawn fertilizer. A computer simulation was used to predict the outcome of the ban. The results are shown in the table. If the community decides to allow the housing development, what is the strongest argument for banning the use of fertilizer that is supported by the results of the simulation?

Compared to no regulations, banning lawn fertilizer increases species diversity by 50 percent after 25 years.

Compared to initial conditions, banning lawn fertilizer decreases species diversity by 25 percent after 25 years.

Compared to no housing development, banning lawn fertilizer decreases species diversity by 25 percent after 25 years.

Without the housing development, species diversity remains about the same from year to year.

Which of these events is most likely to be followed by primary succession in the area where the event occurs?

A volcanic eruption covers a mountainside with molten rock.

A fire burns most of the trees of a forest.

Floodwaters cover and then drain away from a valley.

A farmer stops raising crops on a field.

After a glacier retreats from a mountain valley, bare rocks are exposed to the surface. Which of the events of primary succession occurs first to the rocks?

Lichens, mosses, and other pioneer species begin growing on the rocks.

Plant stems push up through the rocks from deep underground.

Thick plant roots break apart the rocks as they grow around or through them.

Soil gradually piles over the rocks and buries them.

Khalil and Vera are visiting a region of land that is unfamiliar to them. They observe a community of grasses and shrubs, as well as a variety of insects, birds, snakes, and small mammals such as mice and rabbits. Khalil claims that they are visiting a meadow ecosystem that, if undisturbed, will remain stable for many years. Vera argues that Khalil is incorrect. She claims that the ecosystem is undergoing ecological succession, and that it likely will become a hardwood forest. Which observation from this region would provide the strongest evidence in support of Vera's claim?

singed or charred tree trunks along the ground or in the soil

large grazing animals, such as buffalo or zebra

a river, lake, or pond that has very clear water

rocks with lichens growing on their surface

A tropical rain forest is an example of a climax community. It is a stable community that generally, but not always, returns after a disturbance. Which of these disturbances is most likely to result in a permanent change to the tropical rain forest, meaning that the rainforest community is not likely to return over time?

The rainforest trees are cleared, and the land is used for farming.

A fire burns down all the trees within a 10-meter radius of a lightning strike.

A hurricane blows down rainforest trees along a coastline.

A fungal infection kills several rainforest trees from various species.

Legislation was introduced in 1987 to ban the use of compounds that were depleting the ozone layer. The graph below shows the levels of halogens in the atmosphere for several years after the legislation was passed. What conclusion can you draw from this graph?

The concentration of halogens in the atmosphere decreased during this time period.

The size of the ozone layer decreased during this time period.

The concentration of ozone in the upper atmosphere increased during this time period.

The size of Antarctica below the ozone layer decreased during this time period.

Commercial development in the U.S. has resulted in an increase in the number of roads, housing developments, shopping centers, and parking lots. What risk does this pose to organisms in environments impacted by commercial development?

Development often causes habitat fragmentation, which can threaten biodiversity.

Development often causes reforestation, which can reduce the number of anthromes.

Development often causes pollution, which can increase the ozone of the ozone layer.

Development often causes biological magnification, which can increase global warming.

Which of the following is a benefit of using renewable resources?

Renewable resources are replaceable by healthy ecosystems.

Renewable resources are resilient to environmental stresses.

Renewable resources are not affected by innovation.

Renewable resources contribute to a larger ecological footprint than nonrenewable resources.

Fossil fuels are commonly used as an energy source for transportation vehicles. Burning fossil fuels has led to more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and dissolved in seawater. Which of the following describes how burning fossil fuels is most likely to impact marine organisms?

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in seawater would cause ocean acidification and weaken corals.

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in seawater would increase the rate of photosynthesis in marine plants.

Dissolved carbon dioxide in seawater would cause an increase in shellfish populations due to strengthened skeletons.

Dissolved carbon dioxide in seawater would cause invasive species to out-compete native species.

Scientists have been monitoring global sea level for over 100 years. The graph shows how global sea level has changed from 1900 to 2010. Scientists are concerned that if the trend in the data continues, then coastal regions will be flooded. The data in the graph provide the strongest evidence in support of which of these policies?

Reducing the global burning of fossil fuels, which add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.

Reducing the use of wind turbines, which may divert local wind patterns.

Reducing the emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which harm the ozone layer.

Increasing the construction of dams and reservoirs, which help store water on land.

The pesticide DDT was once widely used to control mosquitos. However, because of a process called biomagnification, DDT caused damage to ecosystems and biodiversity. Which property of DDT caused this damage to occur?

DDT persists in biological systems and becomes concentrated as it passes up food chains.

DDT kills small organisms at very low concentrations and larger organisms at higher concentrations.

DDT is broken apart quickly in biological systems, and its byproducts are toxic to many animals.

DDT is broken apart for its energy, and so replaces the natural diets of many animals.

Ecology EOC Review

Authored by Stephanie Nunez

Science

9th - 10th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 22+ times

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30 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Lionel uses a model that includes the atmosphere and sunlight to predict Earth’s temperatures. In this model, why does increasing the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere cause temperatures to increase?

Sunlight passes through carbon dioxide.

Heat is trapped by carbon dioxide.

Carbon dioxide generates heat.

Carbon dioxide reacts with water to release heat.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Which type of climate change is most likely to lead to a mass extinction, in which vast numbers of species of all kinds die off?

a gradual change in precipitation

a gradual warming

a gradual cooling

a very rapid change

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

In aquatic ecosystems, phytoplankton and other photosynthetic organisms appear in the upper layer of the water, but not deeper layers. Which statement explains this distribution?

The deeper layers are too dark for photosynthesis to occur.

The deeper layers are too cold for photosynthesis to occur.

The deeper layers have too little oxygen for photosynthetic organisms to survive.

The deeper layers have too much carbon dioxide for photosynthetic organisms to survive.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

This climate diagram shows the average temperature (line graph) and precipitation (bar graph) during each month of the year.
Plants that thrive in this type of climate are most likely adapted to which of these conditions?

seasonal variations in temperature

seasonal variations in precipitation

year-long cold temperatures

dense, competitive growth

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Scientists are concerned that ocean currents could change significantly over the next 50 years. For example, an ocean current could reverse direction, or the temperature of the water could change.
Which is the most likely effect of changes to ocean currents on land ecosystems near oceans?

expansion of estuaries

altered average temperatures and precipitation

salt water floods across dry land

increased flow of rivers into the ocean

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Carbon is transferred from the geosphere to the atmosphere by natural processes and human activities. Which of the following processes contributes to the transfer of carbon to the atmosphere?

photosynthesis

formation of fossil fuels

precipitation

volcanic eruptions

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

A class is studying the trophic levels of an ecosystem. The pyramid of biomass shown is a model of these trophic levels.
Which of the following is the best explanation of the available energy at each of the trophic levels in this ecosystem?

The amount of available energy is equal at all trophic levels because all organisms require energy.

Third-level consumers have the greatest amount of available energy because they require energy to fly and hunt for prey.

Producers have the greatest amount of available energy because they absorb heat from the sun.

The amount of available energy decreases at each trophic level because energy is lost as heat and used for life processes.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

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Ecology EOC Review

Lionel uses a model that includes the atmosphere and sunlight to predict Earth’s temperatures. In this model, why does increasing the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere cause temperatures to increase?

Which type of climate change is most likely to lead to a mass extinction, in which vast numbers of species of all kinds die off?

In aquatic ecosystems, phytoplankton and other photosynthetic organisms appear in the upper layer of the water, but not deeper layers. Which statement explains this distribution?

This climate diagram shows the average temperature (line graph) and precipitation (bar graph) during each month of the year.Plants that thrive in this type of climate are most likely adapted to which of these conditions?

Scientists are concerned that ocean currents could change significantly over the next 50 years. For example, an ocean current could reverse direction, or the temperature of the water could change.Which is the most likely effect of changes to ocean currents on land ecosystems near oceans?

Carbon is transferred from the geosphere to the atmosphere by natural processes and human activities. Which of the following processes contributes to the transfer of carbon to the atmosphere?

A class is studying the trophic levels of an ecosystem. The pyramid of biomass shown is a model of these trophic levels. Which of the following is the best explanation of the available energy at each of the trophic levels in this ecosystem?

Food webs like this one show feeding relationships in an ecosystem.Which of the following organisms in this food web is a producer?

How does the process of photosynthesis affect Earth’s atmosphere?

The ecological pyramid models energy flow in a particular ecosystem.If the primary producers produce 5000 energy units, about how much of this energy is available to the third-level consumers?

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Similar Resources on Wayground

Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for Science

This climate diagram shows the average temperature (line graph) and precipitation (bar graph) during each month of the year.
Plants that thrive in this type of climate are most likely adapted to which of these conditions?

Scientists are concerned that ocean currents could change significantly over the next 50 years. For example, an ocean current could reverse direction, or the temperature of the water could change.
Which is the most likely effect of changes to ocean currents on land ecosystems near oceans?

A class is studying the trophic levels of an ecosystem. The pyramid of biomass shown is a model of these trophic levels.
Which of the following is the best explanation of the available energy at each of the trophic levels in this ecosystem?

Food webs like this one show feeding relationships in an ecosystem.
Which of the following organisms in this food web is a producer?

The ecological pyramid models energy flow in a particular ecosystem.
If the primary producers produce 5000 energy units, about how much of this energy is available to the third-level consumers?