Chapter 5: Carbohydrates

Which carbohydrates are disaccharides?

• Maltose

• Sucrose

• Glucose

• Lactose

During processing, what parts of the grain are removed? ("refined" carb)

• Endosperm

• Germ

• Bran

Glycogen is stored in the...

• Liver and kidneys

• Liver and muscle

• Liver and adipose

• Liver and gallbladder

What is the name of the sweetener whose ubiquity is increasing because of its shelf stable nature and cheapness?

• Trans Fat

• Turbinado Sugar

• Sorbitol

• High Fructose Corn Syrup

Answer explanation

Remember...HFCS is very similar in composition to sucrose (about 50:50 glucose to fructose)

Starches are examples of indigestible polysaccharides and fibers are examples of digestible polysaccharides.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

Fibers contain beta bonds, making them indigestible by human small intestines. Dietary fiber comes in insoluble and soluble forms.

Glycogen is concentrated more heavily in the liver than in the muscle.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

Liver glycogen is used to maintain normal blood glucose levels while muscle glycogen is what muscles use directly (especially during exercise)

The five most commonly enriched nutrients include:

• B1, B2, B3, B5, B6

• B1, B2, B3, B9, Iron

• Iron, Sodium, Manganese, Calcium, B9

• Iron, Calcium, B1, B2, B3

Answer explanation

Remember... enrichment is adding these nutrients back after they were lost during processing. They were present in food before processing!

Individuals diagnosed with diverticulosis should follow a _ fiber diet while those with diverticulitis should follow a _ fiber diet.

• low, medium

• medium, high

• low, high

• high, low

Answer explanation

-itis= inflammation, as fiber adds bulk to chyme... would further irritate the large intestine

Which of the following are considered high calcium foods?

• Fortified orange juice, collards, bok choy, soy products,

• Red meat, broccoli, spinach

• Milk, cheese, yogurt

• Berries, apples, peaches, grapes

Type 1 Diabetes is more commonly seen than Type 2.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

With the growing prevalence of ultra-processed foods and low fruit/veg consumption... most T2D d(x) are the result of dietary patterns.