DNA, and Protein Synthesis Review

Which components bond with adenine in a section of double stranded DNA?

• Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, Thymine, Adenine

• Deoxyribose sugar, Thymine

• Ribose sugar, Uracil

• Deoxyribose sugar, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine

Which sample is most likely DNA?

• Hydrogen, phosphorous, and nitrogen

• Aluminum, silicon, and copper

• Calcium, potassium, and nitrogen

• Iron, oxygen, magnesium

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Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?

• The number of hydrogen bonds that holds the strands of DNA together

• The number of carbons in the DNA molecule

• The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule

• The sequences of phosphates along each DNA strand

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Differences in traits such as hair texture are determined by differences in

• the location of sugar groups in DNA

• the sequence of nucleotides in DNA

• the number of nitrogenous bases in DNA

• the molecules attached to the phosphate in DNA

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A student used a poster board to construct this model of a section of DNA

GATCGATC

GATCGATC

Which statement describes his model of DNA?

• The model is inaccurate because the base pairs are incorrect

• The model is accurate because it contains correctly paired bases

• The model is accurate because it shows each base splitting to form a double helix

• The model is inaccurate because some typical bases in DNA are missing

Nitrogenous bases are located on both stands of the DNA double helix, What is the significance of the nitrogenous bases?

• The number of adenines and cytosines determines the type RNA that will be produced

• The order of nitrogenous bases determines the order of amino acids in the proteins synthesized

• The amount of thymine and guanine in the DNA molecules determines the length of the genes

• The type of hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous bases determines which amino acid will be added to the peptide chain

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Each stand of a DNA molecule contains nitrogenous bases that pair with other nitrogenous bases in very specific ways. A DNA molecule is shown which strand is complimentary to the one shown

TGTAGCTGCGCGT

• AGUGCUGCGGCGUA

• TGTAGCTGCGCGT

• ACATCGACGCGCA

• TCGCGCAGCTACA

The sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA varies widely. The sequence of the bases in DNA is most important for which of the following?

• Providing the instructions for the traits of an organism

• Preventing mutations from occurring during DNA replication

• Allowing the DNA to have the shape necessary for replication

• Helping form the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA molecules

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Scientists use zebra fish to study human genetic diseases because zebra fish and humans share many of the same genetic diseases. Which statement describes why zebra fish experience similar genetic diseases as humans?

• Zebra fish have an omnivorous diet similar to that of humans

• Zebra fish have nucleotide sequences similar to those of humans

• Zebra fish go through embryonic stages similar to those of humans

• Zebra fish produce gametes through a process that is similar to that of humans

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In the early 1980s scientists were able to produce two biomolecules by splicing a human gene into the bacterium E. coli to make recombinant human insulin and growth hormone. Which statement best explains why this experiment was successful?

• Human cells are eukaryotic and E. coli cells are prokaryotic

• All living organisms share the same genome

• The genes for all organisms are composed of the same building blocks

• The human body contains many types of bacteria, including E coli.

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