IBT Finals

initiator of IB transaction, including MNEs and SMEs

• focal firm

• distribution channel intermediary

• facilitator

specialist firm providing logistics and marketing services in the international supply chain

• focal firm

• distribution channel intermediary

• facilitator

a firm providing special expertise in legal advice, banking, customs clearance, market research, and similar areas

• focal firm

• distribution channel intermediary

• facilitator

is a large organization with a network of production plants, regional headquarters, and country subsidiaries in numerous countries.

• MNE

• SME

• emerging market

A relatively new breed of the SME that undertakes early and substantial internationalization.

• focal firm

• emerging market

• born global

all of the following are characteristics of born global firms, EXCEPT:

• Early, rapid, and substantial internationalization

• Fewer financial and other resources than traditional MNEs

• Internationalize via importing

Focal firm grants the right to the foreign partner to use an entire business system in exchange for fees and royalties.

• Licensing

• Technological Transfer Arrangement

• Franchising

Focal firm grants the right to the foreign

partner to use certain intellectual property in

exchange for royalties.

• Licensing

• Technological Transfer Arrangement

• Franchising

a subset of former developing

economies that have achieved substantial industrialization,

modernization, improved living standards, and remarkable economic

growth. 

• advanced economy

• revolutionary economy

• emerging market

post-industrial countries characterized by

high per-capita income, highly competitive industries, and well-

developed commercial infrastructure. 

• advanced

• developing

• emerging market