Mitosis and Meiosis L.16.17

Mitosis and meiosis are processes involved in cellular reproduction. Which of the following describes and event that results from mitosis but NOT meiosis?

• two stages of cell division

• replication of cellular genetic material

• daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell

• four daughter cells that are produced from each parent cell

Answer explanation

Mitosis is the process of cell division for all cells in the body except reproductive cells. Mitosis results in daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell in every way including number of chromosomes.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different from each other?

• sexual reproduction requires two parents and asexual reproduction requires only one parent

• asexual reproduction requires two parents and sexual reproduction requires only one parent

• mutation rates are lower in sexual reproduction than in asexual reproduction

• asexual reproduction occurs only in multicellular organisms

Answer explanation

During sexual reproduction, genetic information from two organisms is combined. This results in genetic variation in the population.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-2

Which type of reproduction leads to increased genetic variation on a population?

• Parthenogenesis

• asexual reproduction

• Sexual reproduction

• Vegetative reproduction

Answer explanation

During sexual reproduction, the genetic information from each parent is combined and reorganized to provide a unique new individual. This process introduces genetic variation into a population.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

Which of the following phrases best describes cancer?

• absence of cyclins in the DNA

• miltiple gene mutations on a chromosome of DNA

• uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations in genes that control the cell cycle

• presence of genetic defects caused by hereditary disorders

Answer explanation

Cancer cells lack the ability to recognize and control cell growth and reproduction. As a result, they replicate again and again.

Which of the following phases of mitosis is represented by the diagram below?

• prophase

• telophase

• anaphase

• metaphase

Answer explanation

During metaphase, chromosomes line up in the center of the cell and prepare to be pulled apart at the centromere.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

A scientist wants to change the DNA of a sexually reproducing organism and have the new DNA present in every cell of the organism. In order to do this after fertilization, she would change the DNA in which of the following? 

• zygote

• placenta

• testes of the father

• ovaries of the mother

Answer explanation

The zygote is the first single cell of an organism. The DNA that is present in the zygote will be replicated each time the cell goes through mitosis.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which row in the chart below indicates the correct process for each event indicated? 

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Answer explanation

The formation of eggs and sperm is a meiotic process resulting in daughter cells that have half of the genetic information of the parent cell. The growth of the embryo is a mitotic process resulting in daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

The diagram below shows a cellular process that occurs in organisms. 

What is the name of this process? 

• meiosis

• mitosis

• endocytosis

• phagocytosis

Answer explanation

In meiosis a diploid cell, containing two of each chromosome divides to create haploid daughter cells that have one of each chromosome.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

The diagram below shows homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.

Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated? 

• mutation in which the DNA content of the gene is altered

• segregation of sister chromatids

• condensation and segregation of alleles

• crossing-over in which alleles are exchanged

Answer explanation

This process allows each chromosome to have genetic information from both parents, no matter which parent the chromosome originally came from. Crossing-over is responsible for offspring having some qualities of each parent and is also responsible for genetic variation in a population of species.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

The diagram below shows two strawberry plants.

Plant 2 is produced asexually from Plant 1. If the leaf cells of Plant 1 have 56 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be found in the leaf cells of Plant 2?

• 14

• 28

• 56

• 112

Answer explanation

Asexual reproduction results in an identical organism to the parent. All of the cells of the daughter organism will be the same as the cells of the parent organism. Asexual reproduction DOES NOT increase the variation in a population since all of the organisms are genetically identica

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-2